Somaclonal variation for some morphological traits, herb yield, essential oil content and essential oil composition in an Indian cultivar of rose-scented geranium

Somaclonal variation for plant height, plant spread, leaf shape, leaf size, leaf form, herb yield, essential oil content and 10 important constituents of the essential oil was studied in an Indian cultivar, ‘Bourbon’ of rose‐scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Significantly larger variance was observed among in vitro‐regenerated plants of the SC1 generation (first generation following an in vitro phase) than among parental plants raised from stem cuttings for herb yield, plant height, leaf size, essential oil content, and for the contents of cis‐rose oxide, trans‐rose oxide, isomenthone and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol in the essential oil. Plants of the SC₁ generation showing values beyond the higher or lower limit (depending on the trait) of the range observed among parental plants for different traits were developed into clones by their multiplication through stem cuttings, and evaluated again in the SC₂ generation (second generation following the in vitro phase). Somaclones selected for plant spread, and for the contents of linalool and trans‐rose oxide in their essential oils did not breed true in the SC₂ generation. However, for the remaining traits studied, 13–100% of the selected clones retained their selected traits in the SC₂ generation, suggesting that the changes in these somaclones were due to genetic causes.     

超声波辅助提取芹菜香豆素工艺的优化

为获取芹菜香豆素的最佳提取工艺,采用超声波辅助提取芹菜香豆素,通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定出最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶17(m/V,g:mL)、超声温度60℃、超声时间40 min.此工艺条件下芹菜香豆素提取率为0.73％.     

西芹菜营养元素吸收规律的研究

本试验研究了西芹菜对 N、P、K、Ca、Mg 的吸收规律。单株 N、P、K、Ca、Mg 吸收量分别为3.87、0.93、3.25、2.82、0.46g,其比例为8.3:2.0:6.9:6.0:1.0。N、K、Ca 吸收量迅速增加的转折期都在发棵和产品形成期的开始,此时为施肥关键期。西芹菜刚长成叶子的叶柄中 NO_3-N 含量与植株全 N 含量相关系数为0.784,达极显著水平。叶片 N、Ca、Mg、P 含量较高,而叶柄 K 含量较高。最后根据产量可计算出单位面积各元素吸收量。     

CO_2肥对保护地绿叶类蔬菜光合作用和产量形成的效应

采用施液态CO2法,研究了CO2肥对保护地绿叶蔬菜光合作用和产量形成的效应,结果表明,施CO2肥能极显著地增强其光合作用,促进其生长发育,达到极显著地增产。并总结了CO2肥施放的技术关键。