Influence of Integrated Supply of Vermicompost and Zinc‐Eniched Compost with Two Graded Levels of Iron and Zinc on the Productivity of Geranium

Abstract

Two pot experiments under greenhouse condition were carried out to study the influence of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two levels of iron and zinc on the productivity of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Joint application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost was effective in increasing the herb and oil yield over sole application of iron and zinc. Combined application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost gave better herb and oil yield in both the experiments. With application of vermicompost and zinc‐enriched compost with two graded levels of iron, higher N, P, and K concentrations were observed with application of vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), and Fe 12.5 ppm+Zn‐enriched compost 2.5 g kg^?1 soil, respectively, over control. Highest reduction in soil pH was observed with an application of vermicompost at 5 g kg^?1 soil; maximum soil organic carbon content was also recorded in the same treatment. In experiment II, joint application of vermicompost, zinc‐enriched compost, and graded levels of zinc recorded highest N, P, and K concentration with treatments of Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg^?1), vermicompost (5 g kg^?1), and Zn (15 ppm)+vermicompost (2.5 g kg^?1 soil), respectively. Nitrogen, P, and K content increased by 36, 125, and 305%, respectively, with these treatments over the control.

Chemical constituents of geranium oil such as cis‐rose oxide, isomenthone, linalool, citronellyl, geranylformate, geranyl, and epi‐γ‐eudesmol were significantly improved by combined application of Zn with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost as compared to sole application of Zn. Similar effects were observed with Fe in combination with vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost on most of the chemical constituents of geranium oil. Physicochemical properties of the soil were also improved as macro‐ and micronutrient availability markedly increased in both the experiments because of combined application of vermicompost and Zn‐enriched compost with two levels of Zn and Fe.     

香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

对香叶天竺葵组织培养快速繁殖技术进行了研究,建立了种苗快速繁殖技术规程.结果：适宜的增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA为0.5～1.0 mg/ L,继代周期为25～30 d,繁殖系数5以上;生根培养基为1/ 2MS＋IBA 0.2 mg/ L,生根诱导率达100 %;生根培养20 d后,将试管苗移栽到菜园土：河沙=1：1的混合基质中,保湿培养,移栽成活率达98.6 %.     

芹菜雄性不育花药发育的细胞学观察

对芹菜花药发育过程的细胞学观察表明,雄性不育系花粉母细胞的减数分裂行为正常,可以形成单核小孢子并从四分体中释放出来,这以后由于绒毡层细胞提前解体,使小孢子得不到充足营养而发生败育。     

香叶天竺葵药学研究概况

在广泛检索文献基础上,综述了香叶天竺葵种属、成分、药理及临床应用,为深入开发利用提供参考依据。     

影响芹菜产量和品质的有效光质研究

[目的]研究影响芹菜产量和品质的有效光质。[方法]以芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)为材料,在快速生长期用透光率相近的红、蓝有色薄膜分别对其进行全程遮光处理,或与自然光交替处理35 d,研究实际生产条件下,光质对芹菜生长和有效成分积累的影响,并分析了最终的产量和经济收益。[结果]与自然光处理(CK)相比,全程红膜处理(T_1)促进了芹菜的伸长生长,但不利于叶绿素和黄酮的积累,全程蓝膜处理(T_3)提高了叶绿素和黄酮含量,但抑制了芹菜的生长和黄酮总产量的提高,全程覆有色薄膜的2个处理芹菜纤维素含量均有改善,但整体产量和品质均下降,经济收益减少。红膜与自然光交替处理(T_2)促进了芹菜的伸长生长、横向生长以及叶芽分化,同时改善了纤维素水平,提高了黄酮的产量,最终提升了芹菜的产量和品质,经济收益增加;蓝膜与自然光交替处理(T_4)各项指标与CK相当。[结论]各色薄膜与自然光交替处理效果好于全程遮盖有色膜处理。     

驱蚊草挥发物化学成分分析

以长势优的成年驱蚊草为研究材料,采用顶空套袋法收集挥发物,并在TDS条件下用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对收集挥发物进行分析检测,测出叶片挥发物有58种。包括烷烃、烯烃等10类化合物,烯烃中的萜烯类化合物有32种(相对含量为61.35%),其中香茅醛含量最多(相对含量为14.46%);同时结合保留指数分析驱蚊草叶片挥发物化学成分,比单独使用GC-MS其结果更加准确、可靠,有助于驱蚊草的进一步开发利用。     

外源NO供体SNP对冬季温室芹菜生长及硝酸盐含量的影响

在冬季温室条件下,分别对种子萌发期、幼苗期和快速生长期的芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)喷施0、20、50、100、200μmol/L的外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)溶液,测定种子萌发率、单株株高和重量、根系发育以及叶片中叶绿素、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量等指标。结果表明,喷施SNP 100μmol/L处理可促进芹菜种子萌发,加快幼苗期植株生长,提高幼苗生长量和叶片叶绿素含量;在快速生长期喷施SNP,除200μmol/L处理显著降低了植株株高和叶绿素含量外,其他浓度处理对生长量和叶绿素含量未产生显著影响;低浓度SNP增加了芹菜的侧根数目,改变了根系结构;利用HLPC法测定芹菜叶片中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的结果显示,外源SNP不会对芹菜叶片中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的累积产生显著影响。NO对芹菜生长发育的影响具有阶段特异性和组织特异性,适合于在其形态建成的早期应用;NO作为一种含氮的信号分子,不会改变芹菜与硝酸盐含量相关的食用品质。     

防治芹菜上重要害虫的替代药剂筛选及其膳食暴露风险评估

为了筛选防治芹菜上重要害虫的替代药剂,在上海市及银川市开展5%吡虫啉颗粒剂、0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂及5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂在芹菜上的田间试验,通过液相色谱-串联质谱法检测3种农药在芹菜上的残留量,并分别对3种农药进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明,5%吡虫啉颗粒剂、0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂及5%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂分别以推荐剂量施用于芹菜后,收获期吡虫啉及阿维菌素在芹菜上最大残留量分别为0.97 mg/kg及0.01 mg/kg,氯虫苯甲酰胺安全间隔期内(1 d)在芹菜上的最大残留量为5.24 mg/kg,均低于其在芹菜上的最大残留限量值。中国居民摄入吡虫啉、阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺的慢性暴露风险(%ADI)最大值为5.17%,急性暴露风险(%ARfD)最大值为11.20%,均远低于100%,膳食暴露风险低。结果表明吡虫啉、阿维菌素、氯虫苯甲酰胺可替代高毒农药用于芹菜上关键虫害的防治。     

In vitro Antifungal Activity and Antifungal Mechanism of Essential Oil from Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) on Verticillium dahliae Kleb.

The objectives of the present study were to assess the antifungal effect of dill seed essential oil (EO) against V. dahliae and describe its mechanism of action. The microbroth dilution method was used at the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the dry mycelium weight and spore germination of the tested V. dahliae were also determined in a liquid culture to evaluate the anti-V. dahliae activity in vitro. The results showed EO was active against V. dahliae and MIC was 0.625 μL·mL^－1. Mycelial growth, mycelium weight and spore germination were inhibited by the EO in a dose-dependent manner. The results show that upon treatment of cells with EO, propidium iodide penetrated V. dahliae through a lesion in its plasma membrane. Thus, our results demonstrated that EO could be a potential source of plant-derived fungicides to control V. dahliae.     

吸光光度法测定芹菜中的总黄酮

采用回流提取法,研究了乙醇浓度、温度、料液比、提取时间对旱芹和西芹中黄酮类物质提取效率的影响规律.确定其最佳提取工艺为乙醇质量浓度40%、温度70～80℃、料液比1 g∶15 ml、提取3 h.并以芦丁为标准,测定了旱芹和西芹整株、叶及茎中总黄酮的含量.结果表明,2种芹菜叶片黄酮类化合物的含量显著高于茎中的含量.相比较而言,旱芹整株、叶片及茎中黄酮类化合物的含量显著高于西芹.