干旱、半干旱地区异砧红松嫁接技术研究

试验分析了砧木选择、嫁接时间、嫁接方法等因子对干旱、半干旱地区异砧红松嫁接成活率和生长的影响。结果表明:樟子松、油松、赤松均可作为砧木嫁接红松。采用单芽接穗好于多芽接穗;适时早接有利于接穗木质化程度的提高;正交试验结果显示最佳处理组合为A1B1C1,即砧木为樟子松、4月中旬嫁接、芽端楔接法的组合,成活率达到90%以上。     

“早蜜橙”的来源,结构及其果实性状的研究

以“早蜜橙”这个新发现的柑桔嫁接嵌合体及与其有关品种类型的柑桔为材料，通过叶片气孔观察、花粉试验、多种酶同工酶分析和果实性状的比较分析，研究了它的来源、结构和果实主要经济性状的表现．结果发现：（１）在来源上，“早蜜橙”是由甜橙（新会甜橙的可能性最大）和南丰蜜桔形成的嫁接嵌合体．（２）在嵌合体结构上，“早蜜橙”是一个不完全周缘嵌合体，ＬＩ、ＬＩＩ以橙为主，ＬＩ则以桔为主，兼有橙因子．（３）“早蜜橙”果实品质上等，果实性状大部分来自橙，少数来自桔．糖、酸等主要营养物质的含量大都介于两亲本之间，绝大部分水解氨基酸含量比原接穗和砧木品种都高，有较大的利用价值．     

NAA水溶液浸泡接穗后封蜡对核桃苗圃枝接成活率的影响

本试验研究了3种浓度NAA水溶液浸泡接穗后在加有5%助剂A的封蜡中密封接穗顶端对核桃苗圃枝接成活的影响。结果表明:用100ppmNAA水溶液浸泡1h后封蜡,嫁接后用塑膜筒装湿壤土保护,效果最好,其接口愈合率95％,接穗萌芽率35％,成活率25％。     

茄子嫁接防治根腐病技术

选用 5种砧木进行茄子嫁接 ,通过对茄子嫁接亲和性测定 ,嫁接茄对茄子根腐病的防治效果调查 ,嫁接茄苗对茄子产量效益的测定及对茄子果实品质影响的分析 ,结果表明 ,茄子嫁接可有效地控制根腐病的发生与为害 ,而且 ,嫁接后的产值、产量以及茄子品质都较好。是一项切实有效地防治根腐病的技术措施     

Comparison of the pig and feline models for full thickness corneal transplantation

Purpose The goal of this study was to report on the advantages and limitations of the pig and feline models for experimental in vivo corneal transplantation. Methods Ten healthy domestic pigs and ten healthy cats were used. Full thickness penetrating keratoplasty was performed using autologous (eight cases), allogeneic (seven cases) or human xenogeneic (three cases) tissue. In two other cases, the inflammatory response to partial thickness trephination (without transplantation) was evaluated. Eyes were assessed daily before and after surgery by slit‐lamp, pachymetry, and tonometry. A transparency score ranging from 0 (opaque graft) to 4 (clear graft) was used, based on the slit‐lamp examination. Optical coherence tomography, histology, and electron microscopy were performed postmortem. Results In the pig, the mean (±SD) transparency score for the eight full thickness grafts was 0.88 ± 0.99, ranging from 0 to 3. In the feline model, the mean transparency score for the seven uncomplicated grafts was 3.93 ± 0.19, ranging from 3.5 to 4. Both negative controls without endothelium remained opaque at all time. Intraoperative tendency for iris incarceration into the wound, rapid corneal swelling, suture cheese wiring, and postoperative intraocular inflammation were the main factors jeopardizing the functional success of the corneal transplant in the pig model. Conclusion Suboptimal functional results were obtained after full thickness corneal transplantation in the pig model, while in the feline model, the same protocol yielded uneventful surgeries and clear transplants, with functional results similar to those achieved in human subjects.     

文冠果嫁接技术研究

为解决文冠果嫁接过程中的关键性技术问题,对嫁接方法、接穗类型、嫁接人和嫁接的天气条件进行了研究.结果表明:不同的嫁接方法对嫁接成活率有极显著影响,腹接的嫁接成活率最高,达90.5％;接穗类型对嫁接成活率无影响;不同的嫁接人和天气条件对嫁接成活率有极显著影响,采用腹接的方法,最好的嫁接者在各种天气条件下平均嫁接成活率达到86.8％,在阴天无风的条件下所有的嫁接者平均嫁接成活率达82.0％.     

Low reproductive success of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, is due to high embryonic mortality

We examined the mechanism responsible for low reproductive success in leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) at Playa Grande, Costa Rica: low egg fertilization versus high rates of embryonic death. Leatherbacks at this beach had a high rate of fertility (=93.3%±2.5%, n=819). We incubated 10 eggs from every clutch encountered of 19 females during 3 months of the 1998-1999 nesting season. Fertility rate of some females decreased during the nesting season, but overall was high. Detection of fertility was difficult using standard methods because fertility rates cannot be determined accurately from nests excavated after hatching because of egg decomposition. Removal and incubation of eggs from nests provided a better estimate. Embryonic death, particularly in the beginning of incubation before embryos are visible to the unaided eye, was the cause of low hatching success in this population. Hatching success increased with increasing fertility and differed between females, with some mothers having 71-81% success and others 23-32%. Embryonic death and not low egg fertility drives poor recruitment at Playa Grande. Improved conservation of this species at Playa Grande will require a better understanding of the mechanism behind embryonic death.     

A nine-year study of successful breeding in a Bonelli’s eagle population in southeast Spain: a basis for conservation

We analyse the factors influencing breeding success in a healthy population of Bonelli’s eagle (Hieraaetus fasciatus) from south-east Spain, a raptor that has suffered a serious decline in Europe. Between 18 and 33 pairs were annually monitored during the period 1994-2002. Several factors that may affect four breeding parameters were studied, namely human presence, vegetation, relief, climatic factors, intra- and inter-specific relationships, diet, prey abundance, nest building, adult mortality and age of reproduction. A consistently high breeding success was registered during the study period (productivity=1.43, SD=0.11), which was probably the result of high adult survival, adequate prey availability and mild weather conditions. However, a certain vulnerability to the presence of golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and to human disturbance was observed. One interesting result was the reduced survival of young chicks on north-facing cliffs owing to colder conditions, which may partially explain the decline of the Bonelli’s eagle populations along its European distribution limits. We discuss the role of this healthy subpopulation in an Iberian metapopulation context, and propose that the potential interference of golden eagles should be taken into account when designing management strategies for Bonelli’s eagles. Finally, we pinpoint some conservation priorities and the importance of reducing the main causes of adult mortality (i.e. shooting and electrocution) to assure successful reproduction and survival of this species.     

湖南省退耕还林生态型、生态经济型典型模式绩效调查分析

调壹发现：①退耕还林工程建设改善了我省生态环境,调整了农业产业结构,促进了农民增收;②退耕还林要与当地林农的种植习惯相结合,尽量多采用当地经济价值高、生态防护效果好的乡土树种,注重三大效益有机结合;③退耕还林必须把政府引导、重点扶持、产品综合利用开发及市场培育等有机结合起来,走生态、经济、社会共同发展之路。     

紫外光接枝改性木塑复合材料的表面抑菌性1）

以二苯甲酮为光敏剂,通过紫外光辐照引发,将N,N－二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵（ C9 H9 Cl－14DMA）单体接枝在含有乙烯基的木塑复合材料（ WPC）表面,赋予WPC表面抗菌功能。利用XPS光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对WPC的表面化学组成和形貌结构进行表征,采用抑菌圈法对大肠杆菌进行抑菌活性研究。探讨了单体质量浓度、光敏剂质量浓度、光照时间对接枝率的影响。结果表明,最优的接枝条件为：光敏剂质量浓度0．150 g/mL、单体质量浓度0．800 g/mL、光照时间3 min,接枝率为62．5μg/mm2,接枝后的WPC表面具有良好的抑菌性能。