甘蓝型油菜自交种和自然种粗脂肪测试的比较研究

本文对861份甘蓝型油菜自交种和自然种粗脂肪含量的NIRS法测试结果进行了相关和回归分析。结果表明,以NIR法测试甘蓝型油菜自然种粗脂肪含量普遍较自交种高,自交种粗脂肪含量与自然种粗脂肪含量绝对值差异达1%显著水平。自交种和自然种粗脂肪含量的NIR法测试结果间相关关系,线性回归方程达1%显著水平,说明在已知自交种粗脂肪(x)含量测试结果的情况下,可通过回归方程y=16.844 0.614x预测自然种粗脂肪(y1)含量。     

Analysis of total glucosinolate content and individual glucosinolates in Brassica spp. by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

This study was conducted to test the applicability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for estimating the total glucosinolate (GSL) content in samples of intact seed from a wide range of Brassica species, and to develop calibration equations to estimate simultaneously the percentage of individual GSLs. A total of 290 samples from 15 different Brassica species were scanned by NIRS and analysed for glucosinolate content by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A calibration equation for total GSL content was developed using 270 samples of 14 species in a range between 6 and 193μmol/g seed, resulting in an r² of 0.99 in calibration and cross-validation, and 0.95 in independent validation with 20 samples of Brassica rapa, a species not represented in the calibration. Furthermore, calibration equations to estimate the relative amount (mol/mol) of progoitrin, sinigrin, and gluconapin were successfully developed (r² > 0.85 in cross-validation) and validated with samples from species not included in the calibration. It was also possible to discriminate between entries with high and low values of glucoiberin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin and glucoerucin.     

Effect of partial plant resistance in brassicas on tolerance of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) larvae to cypermethrin

Brassica cultivars with varying degrees of partial plant resistance were fed to larvae (up to 4th instar) of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, and were bioassayed by topical application of cypermethrin to investigate the interaction of plant resistance with insecticide. Larvae reared on the least preferred brassica, Minicole, showed a significantly higher LD₅₀ value than those on the most preferred brassica, Chinese cabbage. Bioassay of 4th instar DBM larvae fed on artificial diet containing pure compounds of glucosinolates revealed a negative interaction between their susceptibility to cypermethin and certain glucosinolates (in particular sinigrin), suggesting that such compounds induced the production of insecticide-detoxifying enzymes.     

四川生态区甘蓝型油菜自交种和自然种品质成分的比较

1材料与方法 试验于2007年6～9月于四川省农业科学院郫县基地油菜品质测试室进行。供试材料为四川生态区861份甘蓝型油菜。采用近红外光谱分析技术（NIRS）测试861份甘蓝型油菜自交种和自然种粗脂肪、硫苷含量。仪器采用FOSS公司5000型近红外谷物分析仪,测试室温为20～25℃,空气湿度60％以下。数据一致性分析以荣廷昭介绍的方法进行,相关回归分析通过SPSS13．0完成。     

白菜BcSOTs的序列特征及在害虫胁迫下的表达模式分析

对白菜硫苷合成相关BcSOTs的序列结构及在害虫取食胁迫下的表达模式进行综合分析,解析其序列结构特征及在抵御害虫胁迫过程中表达模式的异同,为利用基因工程技术调控植物体内硫苷组分和含量及培育高品质白菜品种提供理论依据.在白菜基因组数据库中获得硫苷合成相关的13个BcSOTs的DNA、CDS和氨基酸序列,利用GSDS、NP...     

西兰花中硫代葡萄糖苷的提取及抑菌试验初报

采用甲醇法提取西兰花中硫代葡萄糖苷,利用重量法测定其中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量,得出硫代葡萄糖苷最佳提取条件,并对硫代葡萄糖苷提取液进行酸水解,通过抑菌圈实验,分析了西兰花中硫代葡萄糖苷水解产物异硫氰酸酯类的抑菌性。其结果表明,采用80％甲醇溶液、料液比为10：40（w／v）、80℃为提取的最佳条件。西兰花花蕾中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量最高,达到39．90μmol／g;花茎中为18．28μmol／g：叶中为11．86μmol／g。实验结果表明异硫氰酸酯类对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、白葡萄球菌（White staphylococcus）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）的抑菌作用均较明显。     

芥蓝菜薹不同节间芥子油苷组分及含量分析

采用高效液相色谱及液相色谱-质谱联用法,以芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L.)3个品种‘中花’、‘澄海粗条,和'全年油青’为材料,对菜薹不同节间(菜薹从膨大处到顶端依次平分为4节)芥子油苷组分和含量进行了鉴定和分析.结果表明,除4-甲硫基丁基芥子油苷在全年油青菜薹的第1节中没有检测到、4-羟基-3-吲哚...     

拟南芥硫苷生物合成相关基因的组织和胁迫诱导表达谱的全基因组分析

【目的】分析拟南芥中硫代葡萄糖苷（Glucosinolatcs,简称硫苷）生物合成相关基因在不同组织器官、不同发育时期及不同生物和非生物胁迫处理条件下的表达谱,为筛选控制硫苷合成的关键基因、解析硫苷的生物合成规律及其在植物抗逆胁迫过程中的作用奠定基础。【方法】利用AtGenExpress和PLEXdb中的10组表达谱芯片数据和2组转录组数据分析拟南芥中硫苷生物合成途径82个结构基因和调控基因的时空表达特性及其受生物和非生物胁迫的表达模式;采用Real-time PCR技术对10个硫苷合成途径的关键结构基因和调控基因的表达谱进行验证;并利用STRING v10软件分析硫苷生物合成途径相关基因的表达模式的相关性。【结果】组织表达特性分析结果表明,拟南芥硫苷生物合成相关基因在营养器官和生殖器官中的表达模式差异较大,相关基因在营养器官中具有较高的表达量,在生殖器官中的表达量则较低,表明硫苷主要在营养组织中合成;其中脂肪族硫苷合成相关基因在茎、叶等地上营养组织中的表达量较高,而吲哚族硫苷合成相关基因则在根、茎、叶等地上和地下组织中均有较高的表达,且基因在同一组织的不同发育时期的表达量通常具有差异,表明基因的表达还具有时空特异性;荧光定量PCR分析结果证明10个硫苷合成途径代表基因的表达谱与芯片数据的结果保持一致;胁迫表达分析结果表明,脂肪族和吲哚族硫苷合成相关基因的表达均受到部分生物和非生物胁迫因子的诱导表达,其中吲哚族硫苷合成相关基因更易受到丁香假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas syringae）、甘蓝链格孢菌（Alternaria brassicicola）、桃蚜（Myzus persicae）等生物和低温（4℃）、高盐、高温（38℃）等非生物胁迫因子的诱导表达;共表达分析结果表明,脂肪族和吲哚族硫苷合成分支途径内相关调控基因与结构基因的表达模式的相关性较高。【结论】拟南芥硫苷生物合成相关基因主要在营养组织中高表达,在种子中低表达;植物中存在一个硫苷转运系统,负责将营养组织中合成的硫苷转运到种子中贮藏;硫苷合成相关基因的表达受到病原菌、虫害、高温等逆境因子的影响,其中吲哚族硫苷合成相关基因更易受到生物和非生物胁迫因子的诱导表达,说明吲哚族硫苷可能对植物抗性更为重要。     

单、双低甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育系及恢复系选育研究

研究以秦油2号出现的不育株（简称陕ZA）为基本材料，与自育和引进的国内外单双低（低芥酸、低硫么）油菜品种（系）为父本．采用刚交、回交的方法育成了一批单双低甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育系及其相应的保持系，并实现了“三系”配套。在不育系的选育中发现，无论是单低或是双低不育系，其不育性的差异主要表现在不育度上，一些表现彻底不育．一些表现有微粉、这主要决定于保持系；且在这些不同的不育系之间，不同的目交方式之间所得到的自交亲和指数不同。同时还进行了新的单双低恢复系的选育研究，已取得了初步进展。     

Growth,feeding and thyroxine‐related responses of hybrid striped (sunshine) bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂) fed de‐oiled carinata (Brassica carinata) meal

De‐oiled (<10 g/kg oil) carinata (Brassica carinata) meal is high (>400 g/kg) in protein, but its use in fish diets will likely be limited mainly by glucosinolates (GLS), sinapine and crude fibre. Two feeding experiments were conducted to determine the response of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀ X M. saxatilis ♂, HSB) to inclusion of cold‐pressed carinata meal (CPCM) in diets. Cook extrusion reduced an average of 44% and 57% of GLS and sinapine concentrations in diets, respectively. In experiment 1, diets containing 0.71–2.71 μmoles of GLS and 0.034–0.181 mg of sinapine/g did not significantly (p > .05) reduce feed consumption, utilization or growth, resulting in similar concentrations of thyroxines and consequently no effect on deiodinase enzymes. In experiment 2, there was a significantly reduced (p < .05) feed consumption in fish fed diets containing 5.58–9.52 μmoles of GLS and 0.54–0.75 mg of sinapine/g, resulting in HSB exhibiting lethargic swimming and feeding behaviours, and consequently poor feed utilization and growth. Cook extrusion reduced about half of GLS and sinapine, and HSB tolerated ≤2.71 μmoles of GLS and ≤0.31 mg of sinapine/g of diet without affecting feed consumption and utilization, growth and thyroid metabolism.