How Nitrogen and Zinc Levels Affect Seed Yield,Quality, and Nutrient Uptake of Canola Irrigated with Saline and Ultra-Saline Water

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers on seed yield, oil percentage, glucosinolate content, and nutrient uptake of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Okapi), irrigated with saline and ultra-saline water, field experiments were conducted in Agriculture Research Centre of East Azarbaijan, Iran, during three consecutive years: 2011, 2012, and 2013. The experiments were carried out based on randomized complete block design arranged in factorial with three replications. The experimental treatments included N rates at three levels (0, 50, and 100 kg ha^?1), Zn rates at three levels (0, 5, and 10 kg ha^?1), and saline water at two levels (8 and 16 dS m^?1 as saline and ultra-saline water). According to the results, N and Zn application had a significant effect on the plant height, pod number per plant, and seed yield. However, the value of these traits decreased as a result of the higher salinity level (from 8 to 16 dS m^?1). From the results, the glucosinolate content was not affected by N or Zn fertilization, whereas, salinity increased the glucosinolate content from 27.51% to 30.06% when saline water and ultra-saline water were applied, respectively. In addition, the effect of ultra-saline water on the decrease in the N, phosphorous, potassium, and calcium uptake and the increase in the sodium and chlorine accumulation in canola seed was significant. However, Zn application could diminish adverse effects of salinity on phosphorus uptake. For instance, under ultra-saline water conditions, application of 10 kg ha^?1 Zn increased the seed phosphorus content compared with control treatment. In general, it seems that nutrients’ supply, especially N and Zn, can be considered as an effective solution to diminish adverse effects of salinity.     

优异抗源欧洲山芥的研究与利用进展

欧洲山芥（Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.）是一种能合成皂苷的二年生十字花科植物,被认为是研究皂苷生物合成、植物与昆虫协同进化的理想模式植物。综述了欧洲山芥形态及生物学特性、起源演化、抗虫相关次生代谢、营养条件及环境对抗虫性的影响、作为“诱杀作物”的优越性、抗虫基因定位等研究进展,并对存在的问题和发展方向进行了讨论,以期为充分利用该优异种质资源进行十字花科作物抗病抗虫遗传育种研究和进行重要流行病虫害的综合防治提供参考。     

液相色谱质谱联用分离、鉴定芥蓝中脱硫芥子油苷

    从芥蓝菜薹中提取芥子油苷,经阴离子交换柱DEAE-Sephadex A-25纯化和硫酸酯酶脱硫,得到脱硫芥子油苷提取液.比较了两种高效液相色谱的流动相体系(甲醇与水体系和乙腈与水体系)及两种长度(250 mm×4.6 mm和150 mm×4.6 mm)的C18色谱柱(Prontosil ODS2,粒径5μm)对芥蓝脱硫芥子油苷的分离效果,确定分离条件为乙腈与水流动相体系和250 mm×4.6 mm C18柱.采用质谱联用及紫外扫描,在芥蓝菜薹中检测出7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷,其中4-甲硫基丁基芥子油苷为第一次在芥蓝中检测到.芥蓝中主要以脂肪族芥子油苷为主,占总芥子油苷含量的91.6%,而吲哚组芥子油苷的含量仅占8.4%.其中,3-丁烯基芥子油苷和4-甲基亚硫酰丁基芥子油苷为主要芥子油苷组分,分别占总含量的47.9%和35.5%,而含量最低的为4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基芥子油苷,只占总芥子油苷含量的0.2%.     

微生物酶法测定菜籽粕中硫甙含量

菜籽粕是一种优良的蛋白质饲料资源,其脱毒利用受到广泛的关注.作为菜籽粕脱毒微生物之一,黑曲霉能有效降低菜籽粕中的植酸和硫甙含量.本研究旨在通过超声破碎技术从筛选到的1株具硫甙降解能力的黑曲霉(Aspergillas niger)H23中提取胞内芥子酶,建立微生物酶测定菜籽粕中硫甙含量的方法.此法首次在硫甙测定中使用微生...     

适应机械收获的双低油菜新品种沪油17的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜新品种沪油17系采用品种(系)间杂交和回交方法育成的.种子含油量42.64%.芥酸含量0.68%,硫苷含量26.46μmol/g.该品种抗落粒性强,适合于机械收获.上海市油菜区生产试验平均产量2 346.0kg/hm2,比对照汇油50增产21.8%,达极显著水平.     

不同西兰花品种中硫代葡萄糖苷的组分与含量分析

采用 HPLC 法测定分析了29个西兰花品种的硫代葡萄糖苷组分与含量,结果检测到8种硫代葡萄糖苷,包括4种脂肪族硫苷：3-甲基硫氧烯丙基硫苷、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷、4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷和3-丁烯基硫苷;4种吲哚族硫苷：4-羟基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷、3-甲基吲哚基硫苷、4-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷和1-甲氧基吲哚基-3-甲基硫苷。总硫苷含量平均为11.27μmol/g,RAA、GBC 和 NEO 是西兰花三种主要的硫苷成分,分别占总硫苷含量的34.78%、25.02%和23.25%。不同西兰花品种的总硫苷含量变异范围5.60～17.04μmol/g,存在较大差异。     

薹菜中硫代葡萄糖苷的鉴定与含量分析

 采用HPLC的方法,以‘京研薹菜’、‘南京小叶薹菜’、‘花叶薹菜’和‘小叶薹菜’4个品种为试材,在相同的栽培管理条件下对不同品种、不同食用部位（叶片、叶柄）以及不同的生长季节（春季和秋季）薹菜中的硫苷成分和含量进行了研究。4个品种均含有8种硫苷成分,分别为2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷、 4-羟基-3-吲哚基甲基硫苷、 4-戊烯基硫苷、2-苯基乙基硫苷、吲哚-3-甲基硫苷、1-甲氧基-3-吲哚基甲基硫苷和 4-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫苷。各品种叶片中的硫苷含量显著高于叶柄;秋季栽培薹菜的硫苷含量高于春季;品种之间所含硫苷成分虽然相同,但含量差异较大。     

双低杂交油菜品种油研1707的选育

油研1707是以黄籽双低隐性核不育系8227A与双低恢复系898配制的杂交组合。2005~2006年在四川的区域试验和生产试验中产量分别为159.12 kg/667m2和174.33 kg/667m2,较CK(蜀杂6号)分别增产10.73%和24.74%;芥酸含量0.18%,硫甙含量18.57μmol/g.饼,含油率42.27%。     

Hatching of Globodera pallida is inhibited by 2-propenyl isothiocyanate in vitro but not by incorporation of Brassica juncea tissue in soil

The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of controlling the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida through biofumigation with glucosinolate-rich Brassica juncea genotypes. The main glucosinolate of B. juncea is 2-propenyl glucosinolate which is the precursor of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. Toxicity of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate to encysted G. pallida was tested in vitro. Fifty percent reduction in hatching was found within 2 h of exposure to 0.002% 2-propenyl isothiocyanate. Based on the in vitro results, we hypothesized that biofumigation with B. juncea would reduce hatching of G. pallida in vivo and higher 2-propenyl glucosinolate levels would have a stronger effect. Plant genotype, sulfur fertilization and insect herbivory affected 2-propenyl glucosinolate concentration of B. juncea. However, increasing 2-propenyl glucosinolate concentration of B. juncea did not affect G. pallida hatching after biofumigation. The absence of a biofumigation effect was most likely due to lower concentrations of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate in vivo compared to in vitro conditions. These results show that it is difficult to reach sufficiently high levels of toxicity to reduce hatching of G. pallida under realistic conditions.     

Detection of loci controlling seed glucosinolate content and their association with Sclerotinia resistance in Brassica napus

A genetic linkage map of Brassica napus constructed from a cross between a low glucosinolate cultivar ‘H5200’ and a high glucosinolate line ‘NingRS‐1’ was used to identify loci associated with seed glucosinolate content and to understand the association between specific glucosinolate components and Sclerotinia resistance. Seed glucosinolate content was assessed by standard High pressure Liquid Chromatogram (HPLC) protocol. Seven components of seed glucosinolate, including four types of aliphatic glucosinolate, two types of indolyl glucosinolates and one aromatic glucosinolate were detected in the seeds. Three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for seed total glucosinolate content. From three to 15 loci were found to be responsible for different types of glucosinolates, and by comparing the overlapped intervals, eight genomic regions were defined. One of the nine loci associated with aliphatic glucosinolate content was found to be associated with Sclerotinia resistance on the leaf at the seedling stage, and one locus, responsible for 3‐indolyl‐methyl glucosinolate content, was probably linked with Sclerotinia resistance on the stem of the maturing plant. The association between seed glucosinolate content and Sclerotinia resistance is discussed.