甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15的选育

甘蓝型双低油菜品种沪油15系采用品种（系）间的双方方法育成，种子含油量42.43%，芥酸含量0.38%，硫甙含量19.01μmol/g。上海市油菜区域试验平均产量2147.3kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产31．3％，上海市油菜生产试验平均产量2700.0kg/hm^2，比对照汇油50增产12.6%。沪油15适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

江苏省菜籽饼粕的抗营养因子含量分析

收集华东省市当家的甘蓝型、白菜和芥菜型油菜籽品种２０个，经１０５℃３０分钟处理，小型６２机冷榨取饼，测定ＯＺＴ．ＩＴＣ，得出甘蓝型高硫葡萄糖苷品种在饼中的总苷量最高９．３６ｍｇ／ｇ，比苷蓝型低硫葡萄糖苷品种含总苷２．９５ｍｇ／Ｇ高出２倍。白菜型平均总苷３．１３ｍｇ／ｇ；芥菜型含３．５６ｍｇ／ｇ。以淮油６号、秦油２号菜籽作破碎或干热与否的前处理比较，总苷量以未破碎、未干热的菜饼最高，分别含９．８２ｍｇ／ｇ、１０．６４ｍｇ／ｇ；破碎又干热的菜饼总苷最低，分别为８．６９、７．０１ｍｇ／ｇ。以宁油７号品种为例用６２型冷榨总苷最高为１０．７７ｍｇ／ｇ，９５型其次５．１４ｍｇ／ｇ，２００型最低２．５５ｍｇ／ｇ。采集本省各地大、中、小型油厂、油坊的菜饼粕２１个样，２００型菜粕总苷为２．８ｍｇ／ｇｃｖ４５％，９５型３．３９ｍｇ／ｇ，ｃｖ３９．６％。２００型与９５型在加工过程中产生游离总苷量接近，分别为０．３８和０．４１ｍｇ／ｇ。由芥子酶或酶水解产生的腈类化合物以２００型的菜粕中含量高，平均含１３１８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｃｖ７９．７％；９５型含３１８ｍｇ／ｇｃｖ１３２％，其中３６％样本未检出腈量。菜饼粕单宁平均含０．８２％；植酸平均?     

植物吲哚族芥子油苷的代谢调控网络

十字花科植物中吲哚族芥子油苷(indole glucosinolates,IGS)是一类色氨酸来源的重要次生代谢产物。目前,吲哚族芥子油苷的生物合成和修饰已经阐明,代谢网络中既有不同类型转录调控因子的参与,又受到水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯等植物激素调控和外界环境因子的影响。吲哚族芥子油苷的降解存在典型的芥子油苷—黑芥子酶系统和非典型的黑芥子酶代谢途径。文章主要对吲哚族芥子油苷代谢途径、调控网络以及代谢产物进行综述。     

花椰菜主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力分析

分析了花椰菜不同器官(花球、茎、叶和根)中芥子油苷等主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力,发现烯丙基芥子油苷是花椰菜中主要的芥子油苷,不同器官中芥子油苷的组分与含量差异显著,根系中的总芥子油苷、总脂肪类、总芳香类以及烯丙基芥子油苷和4-甲氧基-吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷的含量均显著高于其他器官,叶片中吲哚类芥子油苷的含量最高,花球中总芥子油苷、烯丙基芥子油苷和吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷含量次之,茎中的总芥子油苷含量最低;叶片中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、维生素C和多酚含量及抗氧化能力显著高于其他器官。这些结果表明花椰菜的叶片和根系中生物活性物质含量丰富,具有进一步开发和综合利用潜力。     

高产优质胞核两系杂交油菜绵油12的选育

绵油12系采用阶梯式复合杂交,经多年优良基因重组逐渐积累,集型间、种间、地理及生态远缘之亲本的优良因子于一体的双低胞核两系杂交油菜新品种。它不但具有丰产性突出、增产潜力大、产量高的优点,而且芥酸、硫苷含量都达到国内自用标准,抗倒耐病力强,适应性广,适宜在长江中上游的平丘区种植,也可以在其它类似生态区种植。     

氮、磷、钾、硼肥对甘蓝型油菜籽品质的影响

以多个正在大面积应用的甘蓝型油菜品种为研究对象,在长江流域冬油菜主产区的10个省（市）布置氮、磷、钾和硼肥田间肥效试验共284组,通过多点试验分别探讨当前生产条件下施用氮、磷、钾、硼肥对双低和双高甘蓝型油菜籽含油量、蛋白质、芥酸、硫甙的影响。结果表明,双低油菜籽平均含油量为41.66%,双高油菜含油量明显低于双低油菜,仅为38.92%。氮、磷、钾和硼肥施用对油菜籽的品质效应在不同试验点表现不尽相同,其总体趋势是:在磷、钾、硼肥基础上施用氮肥提高籽粒蛋白质含量而降低油分含量,且随氮肥用量的增加效果更明显,施氮对双高油菜油分及蛋白质含量的影响程度大于双低油菜;施磷、钾或硼肥有提高油菜籽含油量而降低蛋白质含量的趋势;施肥对油菜籽硫甙和芥酸含量有一定影响,但对品质影响不大。油菜籽含油量与收获指数、千粒重显著正相关,与蛋白质含量呈负相关。研究结果显示,在施氮的基础上配合施用磷、钾和硼肥能减少因施氮引起的油分损失。     

Intraspecific breeding for reduced glucosinolate content in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun)

A total of six Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) lines showing reduced levels of total glucosinolate content were developed through two different approaches. In the first case, eight lines with good agronomic performance under southern-Spanish conditions were first evaluated during two years for glucosinolate content, and a pedigree selection was then performed during three further generations. The line N2-142, with an average glucosinolate content of 82 μmoles g-1 seed, was developed from the original line C-49, with an average glucosinolate content of 115 μmoles g-1 seed. In the second case, chemical mutagenesis (EMS 1% v/v) was applied to seeds from the line C- 101, with an average glucosinolate content of 125 μmoles g- 1 seed. Five mutant lines showing an average glucosinolate content between 20 and 30 μmoles g-1 seed lower than the wild line C-101 were isolated in the M_3 or M_4 generation. The reduced glucosinolate content of these mutants was confirmed by developing and analysing the M_5 generation. Previous results in B. juncea suggest that a further reduction of total glucosinolate content might be achieved through genetic recombination between the different lines developed in this work. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.