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11.
K. G. Macdicken K. Hairiah A. Otsamo B. Duguma N. M. Majid 《Agroforestry Systems》1996,36(1-3):131-149
Imperata is shade-intolerant, although little is known of the relative roles of competition for light, water and nutrients in suppressing its growth. Shading of Imperata results in reduced carbohydrate storage, reduced rhizome and tuber-bulb production, reduced shoot dry weight, increased susceptibility to competition, increased susceptibility to herbicides and decreased vigor/regeneration. Herbaceous cover crops in the genera Calapogonium, Crotoleria, Mucuna and Pueraria have been shown to effectively suppress Imperata growth and can be used to prevent and in some cases eradicate Imperata. Tree fallows with fast-growing species such as Sesbania sesban, Acacia nilotica and Leucaena leucocephala can improve soil physical and chemical properties and suppress weed growth. Forest plantations have been successfully used, particularly with the use of moderate to high tillage, weeding and fertilizer inputs to suppress Imperata growth. These plantations produce marketable wood and reclaim the site for other uses. Additional research is needed to evaluate the specific nature of competition and allelopathic effects from Imperata. Continued evaluation of tree species and provenances for Imperata suppression, forms of tillage after woody fallow crops and the constraints to adoption of cover crops and trees as Imperata control measures are also needed. 相似文献
12.
云南红豆杉优树选择研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在云南红豆杉天然林分布区,以及3个重点栽培区的云南红豆杉人工林中,经广泛布点调查初选,采集初选林木小枝叶样品,进行紫杉醇、10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱(cephaloma-nine)、10-去乙酰-7-差向紫杉醇(10-DAET)、7-差向紫杉醇等6种紫杉烷类含量的检测,并通过扦插繁殖培育出初选优树的扦插苗栽培于立地条件一致的优树汇集区内,经2~2.9年再检测苗木的紫杉烷含量及测定苗木的生物量。以其紫杉烷含量、生物量、紫杉烷产量(紫杉烷含量×生物量)为云南红豆杉优树的评选指标,依此在云南全省的云南红豆杉天然林中评选出优树38株(1级8株、2级11株、3级19株),在云南红豆杉人工林中评选出优树17株(1级4株、2级13株),其选择增益很显著。根据优树的分布,在云南全省寻找到10个云南红豆杉紫杉烷高含量的种源区,这是以林木枝叶紫杉烷的含量为主要选择对象,进行云南红豆杉优树选择的一个新尝试。 相似文献
13.
This paper examines the first-best instruments for biodiversity maintenance in commercial boreal forests when landowners behave either in Faustmannian or Hartmanian way. Using an extended Hartman model, we show that biodiversity conservation requires both prolonged rotation age and leaving retention trees. While the former promotes some old growth species, the latter create new structural elements of decaying and dead wood, which can sustain a variety of saprolyxic species. A fully synchronized combination of retention tree subsidy and tax instrument is needed both to lengthen the privately optimal rotation period and to provide an incentive to leave retention trees. Using Finnish data we illustrate empirically the sizes of instruments. When combined with a harvest tax, the retention tree subsidy is 1000 and 750 € in the Faustmann and in the Hartman model, respectively. When used with a timber subsidy or a site value tax, the retention tree subsidy is 1700 €/ha in both models. The harvest tax rate varies over the range 40–65% in the Faustmann model and 20–40% in the Hartman model, while timber subsidy is between 0.5–1.0% and site value tax is about 1.75%. 相似文献
14.
沧州滨海盐碱地造林绿化技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据沧州滨海地区的自然状况,提出了滨海盐碱地区造林绿化的基本观点,及采取的造林绿化技术措施,并推介了一批该地区的适生树种。 相似文献
15.
16.
Increasing incidences of drought-induced tree mortality are being recorded worldwide, including Africa. African forests cover a significant proportion of the continent, which implies that African forest sustainability is threatened from a climate-change perspective. This is especially problematic in a developing nation context, because forest ecosystems such as plantation forestry provide important goods and services that sustain human well-being and economic growth. Disentangling the likely triggers of tree mortality (including those linked to drought) in landscapes would not only explain the mechanisms underlying local die-offs, but also better predict future mortality events. Methods applied in the field of ecophysiology are particularly useful to study in situ plant responses to an environment. We consider the status quo of global peer-reviewed publication outputs during the past century that have made use of key ecophysiological research approaches, specifically studies concerning ‘tree xylem anatomy’, ‘tree xylem cavitation’, ‘tree leaf gas-exchange’ and ‘tree xylem hydraulic conductivity’. We highlight the growth and applicability of this research field in understanding tree ecology. We also assess the role that the forestry sector has had in promoting such research to ensure future-proof forest products. Most importantly, we consider how Africa with its vast forested landscapes fits within this research spectrum. The last decade saw an increase of up to 60% in the total number of articles published, particularly with a focus on tree xylem cavitation and conductivity. Although forest research contributed greatly to the global tally of ecophysiological studies, and such studies in Africa have also increased by up to 88% in the past decade, there remains a general lack of this research topic in the continent. It is clear an optimisation of applied ecophysiological concepts and techniques will promote an improved understanding of tree mortality patterns. We argue that ecophysiological data will be crucial to future-proof tree improvement strategies in African commodity production landscapes, especially given future drier climates. 相似文献
17.
The epidemic outbreak in northern Europe of Neonectria neomacrospora, the causal agent of dieback in Abies spp., led the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) to include the pathogen on its alert list in 2017. Effective monitoring of this pathogen calls for a rapid and sensitive method of identification and quantification. A probe‐based real‐time PCR (qPCR) assay based on the β‐tubulin gene was developed for the detection and quantification of N. neomacrospora in infected wood samples, and directly for ascospores. This study presents the first published species–specific molecular detection assay for N. neomacrospora. The analytical specificity was validated on taxonomically closely related fungal species as well as on 18 fungal species associated with the host (Abies sp.). The analytical sensitivity was tested on naturally infected wood, on purified pathogen DNA in a matrix of host DNA and on N. neomacrospora ascospores for detection of airborne inoculum. The latter was tested both with a DNA extraction step prior to qPCR and without DNA extraction by direct qPCR on collected ascospores. The assay was specific to N. neomacrospora, with a sensitivity of 130 fg purified DNA, or 10 ascospores by direct qPCR. Omitting DNA extraction and amplifying directly on unpurified ascospores improved assay sensitivity significantly. 相似文献
18.
论述园林绿化工程大树移栽的定义、意义、特点和原则,并对大树移栽前的准备和处理、移栽中的操作规程、移栽后养护管理等方面进行了较为详细的阐述,方法简明、技术适用、科学有效,对各地园林绿化大树移栽成活有一定指导意义。 相似文献
19.
20.
通过统计湛江市区内古树名木的分布位置、树龄、树高、冠幅、胸径等参数,分析该地区古树名木的生长规律和影响因素,并探讨有效的管养方法和保护措施,为今后使用古树名木地理信息系统实时监测其健康状况提供依据。 相似文献