电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌品质影响的异同性研究

为探明电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌理化指标和微生物影响的异同性,采用不同剂量的电子束(0、2.1、3.9、6.1、8.0 k Gy)和γ射线(0、2.1、4.2、6.3、8.4 k Gy)辐照真空包装象拔蚌,对其贮藏期内营养成分、p H值、生物胺、菌落总数进行测定。结果表明,利用一定剂量电子束和γ射线辐照均能有效降低象拔蚌的菌落总数,在12 d贮藏期内,2种辐照处理之间菌落总数随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差异,其中γ射线的D10=3.2 k Gy,电子束的D10=3.1 k Gy;较之对照,电子束和γ射线辐照对象拔蚌蛋白质、灰分、脂肪和水分含量无显著影响;电子束辐照处理组的p H值在贮藏期内维持在6.80~6.94,而γ射线辐照处理组的p H值维持在6.68~6.92,较之对照组,2种射线辐照处理均可抑制贮藏期内象拔蚌p H值的下降;辐照处理组能够抑制生物胺总量的增长,但电子束和γ射线辐照处理之间,象拔蚌生物胺总量随辐照剂量的变化趋势以及随贮藏天数的变化趋势无显著差别。由此可知,电子束与γ射线辐照均具有应用于象拔蚌鲜食食品加工的潜力,这为辐照应用于象拔蚌提供了科学依据。     

Design method of generatingDICOM Image in the high frequency X ray machine

DICOM3.0 standard is complex and rich in contents. Aiming at the difficulty of software design, a programming method of generating DICOM image file in the high frequency X ray machine is proposed. The data structure of DICOM file is analyzed, and then the programming method of generating DICOM image files is introduced in detail. For the proposed method, a template array of the data structure is constructed to save the eigenvalues, transfer syntax, pixel data and so on of the image. All kinds of the data are stored in the DICOM file successively. The programming method can not only transform a BMP file into a DICOM file, but also transform a JPEG file into a DICOM file. It strictly follows DICOM 3.0 protocol. The generated DICOM files can be displayed with the DICOM file browsing software ezDICOM. The programming design was based on VC++6.0.     

辐照处理对马铃薯粉降解作用的研究

为探明辐照对马铃薯粉的降解作用,采用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对其进行处理。结果表明,马铃薯粉经50~400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,颗粒形貌没有发生改变,但在冷水中的溶解度大大增加,其中经400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,溶解度达61%。辐照的直接糖化效率随处理剂量的加大而增加,其中以400 kGy剂量处理的最明显,糖化值（DE值）达5.1%。辐照处理的降解产物以麦芽糖和葡萄糖为主。试验证明60Co-γ射线能有效降解马铃薯粉,并可产生可发酵性糖。     

γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法在广西牛结核病流行病学调查中的应用

【目的】摸清广西水牛及奶牛结核病的流行情况,为制定净化广西牛结核病防制策略提供参考。【方法】2008～2011年采用皮内变态反应和γ-干扰素ELISA检测方法联合对广西奶牛及水牛开展结核病流行病学调查,共检疫5478头奶牛和1580头奶水牛。【结果】2008～2011年从广西南宁、柳州、北海、钦州、桂林等市累积检测出皮内变态反应阳性奶牛63头、水牛17头,阳性检出率分别为1.15％和1.08％,总体上广西奶牛及水牛结核病阳性率呈现逐年降低的趋势。通过采用自制水γ－干扰素EusA检测试剂盒和Bovigam牛结核分枝杆菌γ-干扰素检测试剂盒对牛结核病进行检测,发现γ-干扰素ELISA检测的牛结核病阳性率低于皮内变态反应,且准确度高。【结论】对牛群进行结核病检测时,先以变态反应检疫牛群,再结合γ-干扰素ELISA检测进行综合判断,更有利于牛结核病的检测与净化。     

Effect of Sulfur on the Yield and Essential and Nonessential Element Composition of Alfalfa Determined by Polarized Energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence

Alfalfa crops were grown in the field at the University of Ankara (473939 E, 4385149 N), over two seasons between 2001 and 2003 with sulfur (S) supplied at two different rates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replicates and three cutting dates in each season. Sulfur was applied at rates of 0 (control), 160 (S₁), and 240 (S₂) kg ha^?1 as gypsum. Alfalfa hay was harvested three times each year, and the concentrations of elements in the hay were measured by polarized energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (PEDXRF). Sulfur fertilization increased S concentrations and improved alfalfa hay yield for both years. Applied S slightly reduced phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in the first year and had no significant effect on the potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) concentrations of alfalfa hay for either year. The highest S (240 kg ha^?1 S) level increased sodium (Na) concentrations in the first year but decreased them in the second year. Sulfur application also decreased chloride (Cl) concentration in the first year. Molybdenum (Mo) concentration of the alfalfa was significantly reduced by S₁ treatment in year 1. Iron (Fe) concentration was increased by S₂ treatment in the second year, and zinc (Zn) concentration was increased by S₁ treatment in the first year. However, applied S had no effect on manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), barium (Ba), uranium (U), and lead (Pb) concentrations for either year. Applied S decreased aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) and increased bromine (Br) and rubidium (Rb) concentrations of alfalfa in the first year. In addition, strontium (Sr) concentration was increased by S₂ treatment in the first year but was decreased in the second year. The stage of cutting greatly affected mineral concentrations. Compared with the first cutting, S concentrations were higher in the second and third harvest for both years. In general, the concentrations of P, Mg, Na, Cl, Mo, Ti, V, Br, Co, Ba, Sr, Rb, U, and Pb were increased, whereas the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni were decreased with later cutting. The concentrations of K and Ca did not vary between cuts.     

Interactions of gamma‐irradiated sewage,nitrogen and phosphorus for Sorghum on a calcareous soil

Abstract

The interaction of gamma‐irradiated sewage sludge, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on dry matter production, phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake of sorghum was examined. Three crops of sorghum were grown in the greenhouse in 19 1 plastic buckets. The phosphorus and sludge treatments were applied at the initiation of the experiment only. Nitrogen was applied to the corresponding nitrogen treatment pots before each of the three croppings.

There was a significant nitrogen x sewage interaction for dry matter production, phosphorus concentration and phosphorus uptake in each harvest. There was a significant phosphorus sewage sludge interaction in the first harvest for phosphorus uptake. All other possible interactions were not statistically significant. The 67 metric ton/ha sludge rate produced nearly the same yield as the nitrogen treatment. In the first harvest, sludge significantly increased plant phosphorus uptake from the fertilizer phosphorus. The phosphorus uptake in sorghum from 472 and 944 kg P/ha from the sludge treatments was comparable to that from 1299 and 2598 kg P/ha from triple superphosphate.     

Analysis of cationic elements in liquid samples by x‐ray

Abstract

Plant analyses methods have expanded immensely to document plant mineral element deficiency and toxicity disorders and to note mineral element interactions. Experiments were conducted to determine the feasibility of using cation exchange papers for the extraction of cationic elements from solutions to be analyzed by x‐ray fluorescence. The cationic elements Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu were effectively extracted from solutions by one exchange resin paper disk if solutions were passed several times through the exchange resin paper. Calcium and Mg were extracted from solutions if two or three separate exchange papers were used, and K was not extracted from solutions with the use of up to five separate exchange papers. The relatively high concentrations of K in solutions and the relatively low exchange capacity of ion exchange resin papers apparently prevented the effective removal of K from solution. The detectability limits on the exchange resin disks by this technique were <2.8 μg Al, 0.5 μg Fe, 0.10 μg Mn, 0.10 μg Zn, and 0.08 μg Cu. Extraction of cationic elements from solutions for x‐ray analysis appeared practical and relatively rapid for Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, less practical for Ca and Mg, and impractical for K.     

香蕉新株系"漳蕉8号"的选育

“台湾北蕉”离体试管芽经^(60)Co γ射线辐照后所培育的试管苗,在苗圃培育长出新叶后直到大田栽培期间都可观察到大量的变异植株。1995-1999年对28个优良变异单株进行筛选、株系比较试验和多点生产示范试验。结果表明：8号株系的假茎颜色、叶柄长度、株型以及果轴茸毛等性状与“台湾北蕉”有明显区别,且果穗外观较好,果指较长、较重;8号株系株产比“台湾北蕉”增加10％以上(差异达显或极显水平),果实品质略优于“台湾北蕉”。该株系现定名为“漳蕉8号”。     

全平面镜线反射太阳聚光器的光学设计

为了降低太阳能聚光器的成本,在线聚光菲涅耳集热器中常使用平面镜作为反射镜的组成元素.根据菲涅耳线聚光理论,提出了使用全平面的窄条镜按一定角度布置于跟踪托架上构成不同焦距的初级反射镜单元,由多块跟踪镜单元组成初级反射镜场的设计方法,采用新的次级反射器设计思路,设计了双圆弧形二次反射聚光器.采用平板玻璃镀银镜为初级反射镜材料,设计制作了试验装置,从光线跟踪模拟和实际试验都具有很好的聚光效果.该反射镜单元的设计具有低成本、聚光效果好、可扩展集热器场宽度、跟踪稳定和抗风载等优点,小规模集热器可用于蒸汽生产,提供农产品干燥等所需的过程热,大规模的集热器可以用于热发电所需的预热蒸汽或直接用于热发电.     

钙硒维生素C和E对大豆油菜辐射效应的影响

用对＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线敏感性不同的大豆和油菜为试材，研究了Ｖｉｔ Ｃ，Ｖｉｔ Ｅ，钙和硒对辐射效应的影响。结果表明，油菜Ｖｉｔ Ｃ，钙和硒的含量比大豆高，Ｖｉｔ Ｅ含量比大豆低。Ｖｉｔ Ｃ和ＶｉｔＥ含量随γ射线剂量增大而降低。