朝鲜鹌鹑屠宰性能及其与体重的相关性分析

选择7日龄的朝鲜鹌鹑300只(公、母各半),在相同管理条件下饲养至38日龄,每周定期称重,并在38日龄时随机抽取150只(公、母各半)进行屠宰,系统分析公、母鹑的体重及主要屠宰性能指标。结果表明,除10日龄体重外,朝鲜母鹌鹑的体重均极显著地高于公鹌鹑(P<0.01);母鹑的宰前重、放血重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌重和胸肌重显著高于公鹑(P<0.05或P<0.01);相关分析显示,公、母鹑不同日龄体重间均呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01);除母鹑的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌重、腿肌重及公鹑的屠宰率、半净膛率、胸肌重、腿肌重外,不同日龄体重与其他屠宰性状间多呈显著的正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。     

Effects of forage type,body condition and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine cytochrome P450 regulatory region on cow productivity*

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the coding sequence of cytochrome p450 (CYP3A28) have been associated with milk yield and composition, and calving traits in cows. In this study, we aimed to determine whether (i) the CYP3A28 regulatory region was polymorphic and (ii) SNP genotype, forage type, body condition and their interactions affect cow productivity. Primers for CYP3A28 promoter were designed to amplify a 483‐bp segment by PCR. Amplicon sequences revealed seven SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, C‐189T, T‐78G, A6G, G17A and T21C) in Brahman (38 cows), Brahman x Angus reciprocal crosses (47 cows) and crossbreds (98 cows). Angus cows (n = 41) appeared to be fixed at those SNP locations. Genotype and forage {endophyte‐infected tall fescue [KY+; Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] vs. bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]} effects on lifetime (8‐years) calving rate, and calf weaning weights and heights were determined in Herd 1 (126 cows); genotype and BC (low vs. moderate) effects on calving date and calving percent were determined in Herd 2 (98 cows). Four SNP (T‐318C, T‐113A, A06G and T21C) appeared to be related to cattle productivity, CC cows at T‐318C having a lower (p < 0.05) lifetime calving rate than TC or TT cows (65%, 85% and 81% respectively). Cows that grazed KY+ and were TT at T‐318C produced calves that tended (p < 0.07) to weigh less than their contemporaries. Moreover, calves of TT cows were shorter (p < 0.05) at weaning than calves of CC or TC cows. In Herd 2, moderate‐BC cows that were TT or AA at T‐318C, T‐113A, T‐78G, A6G and T21C had greater (p < 0.05) calving rates (74–80%) than heterozygous cows (46–60%), and low‐BC cows that were AA at G17A calved at least 6 days earlier (p < 0.05) than heterozygous cows. Our findings suggest that SNP in the CYP3A28 regulatory region of Brahman‐influenced cows are associated with cattle productivity.     

鹿产品检测的研究进展

鹿产品是珍贵的中药材,目前市场上存在着严重的以假充真,以次充好的现象,科研工作者对鹿产品的检测做了大量的研究工作。作者回顾了近年来鹿产品检测方面的研究进展,分别从性状检测、显微检测、理化检测及分子检测等几种主要检测方法进行综述,为鹿产品检测的进一步研究提供了参考依据,同时提出了鹿产品检测中存在的问题及进一步研究方向。     

感染16型蓝舌病病毒后绵羊部分细胞因子消长特点研究

本试验旨在探明绵羊感染16型蓝舌病病毒（Bluetongue virus type 16,BTV16）后细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10的消长特点。用实时荧光定量PCR检测方法对感染BTV16后3只绵羊上述4种因子mRNA进行检测,同时设立阴性对照绵羊,并以0 d mRNA为基准,计算mRNA的相对表达量,同时检测病毒抗体效价、测量绵羊体温。结果显示,接种BTV16的3只绵羊均不同程度产生抗体和体温症状,4种细胞因子的mRNA在接种病毒2~4 d内均出现显著上升,其中IFN-γ峰值在2.58~27.84倍之间,IL-2峰值在5.24~17.19倍之间,IL-4峰值在2.16~3.43倍之间,IL-10峰值在15.78~48.77倍之间,个体上升幅度存在显著差异,4种细胞因子均在高水平持续6 d左右后逐渐下降。对照绵羊上述参数在正常范围内波动。本研究阐明了接种BTV16后绵羊细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-10在转录水平上的消长特点,为进一步深入开展BTV感染特征、宿主机体免疫机制研究提供参考。     

牛结核病的防控

牛结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种人畜共患慢性传染病.为有效控制和净化牛结核病,切实保障畜牧业生产安全、动物产品质量安全和公共卫生安全,必须坚持预防为主、因地制宜、分类指导、逐步净化的防控方针和策略,把养殖场(户)作为防控本病的主体,不断完善奶牛养殖场生物安全体系,严格落实监测净化、检疫监管、无害化处理、应急处置等综合...     

The relationship between carcass characteristics,plasma hormones and metabolites in young fattening bulls

Six Belgian Blue bulls (double-muscled type) and six Friesian bulls were offered a fattening diet for 34 weeks. Plasma samples were obtained once a week and also every 20 min over a 24 h period, 7 weeks before slaughter.No differences were observed between the breeds in plasma glucose, urea and free amino nitrogen concentrations, while creatinine was significantly higher in the Belgian Blue bulls. Tri-iodothyronin, tetra-iodothyronin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin and testosterone concentrations were higher in the Holstein group. In contrast, the Belgian Blue bulls appeared to produce more growth hormone. The slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and proportion of lean meat were significantly higher in the Belgian Blue group. The characteristics of muscle mass (carcass weight, dressing percentage and proportion of lean meat) were positively correlated with creatinine and with the total peak area or peak amplitude of growth hormone. The insulin concentration was positively correlated with the proportion of adipose tissue in the carcass and negatively correlated with the proportion of muscle. There were no correlations between the carcass characteristics and insulin-like growth factor 1 or testosterone. No further information was provided when the ratios of the hormones were correlated with carcass characteristics.     

内蒙古红豆草黄萎病菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性

依照柯赫氏法则,利用形态学结合分子生物学的方法首次对内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市中国农科院草原研究所沙尔沁基地红豆草疑似黄萎病的病样进行分离和鉴定,利用蘸根接种法对病原菌的致病性进行测定.同时,首次在室内条件下对病菌的生物学特性,如生长最适温度、酸碱度以及碳源、氮源对病原菌生长速率和产孢量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,引起沙尔...     

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE CANINE, FELINE AND EQUINE TONGUE: NORMAL FINDINGS AND CASE HISTORY REPORTS

A submental approach using a 5, 7.5 and 10 MHz mechanical sectorial transducers was used to evaluate the ultrasonographic appearance of the normal and abnormal canine, feline and equine tongue. Seven normal animals were used to characterize the in vivo normal ultrasonographic appearance of the oropharynx. Consistently seen anatomical landmarks included the lingual parenchyma, lingual artery, soft and hard palate interfaces, mandible, basihyoid bone and sublingual musculature. Seven fresh canine, feline and equine cadavers were dissected to confirm the ultrasonographic findings. Seven animals with signs of ptyalism, dysphagia, halitosis and visible lingual lesions were also studied. A foreign body and abscesses secondary to a penetrating wound were detected in a horse. Ultrasound guidance aided surgical dissection, removal of the foreign body and intraoperative drainage of the abscesses. Ultrasound provided valuable non-invasive documentation of the architecture, size and margins of six lingual neoplasms. Ultrasonographic monitoring of the response to the treatment of lingual lesions may be beneficial in the management of patients.     

桃金娘果多糖的制备及其免疫增强作用研究

制备桃金娘果多糖并对其单糖组成进行分析,探讨桃金娘果多糖对健康小鼠免疫功能的影响。采用水浴提取法制备桃金娘果多糖,衍生化高效液相色谱法分析单糖成分。选用健康昆明小鼠80只,随机分为空白组、黄芪多糖组(腹腔注射200μg/g·BW)、桃金娘果多糖低、中、高(分别腹腔注射50、100、200μg/g·BW)共5组。空白组每只小鼠腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水,1次/d,连续7 d。试验结束后,分别测定小鼠脏器指数(胸腺、脾脏)、血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ、LZM、POD等免疫指标的含量。结果显示,桃金娘果多糖含量为65.83%,主要由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖组成。桃金娘果多糖会降低小鼠的胸腺指数,但能显著增强小鼠的脾脏指数;桃金娘果多糖可提高了IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IFN-γ血清细胞因子的水平、POD活性和LZM含量。桃金娘果多糖对提高正常小鼠的脾脏指数及免疫调节功能具有较好效果,但浓度过高会引起小鼠胸腺萎缩,此研究结果为桃金娘的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。     

三江源地区1961−2019年降水量时空变化特征

利用三江源地区13个气象站1961?2019年共59年的降水量资料,基于一元线性回归、滑动平均法、气候倾向率和重标极差分析等方法,研究源区降水量的时空演变规律和未来变化趋势.结果表明:三江源地区年均降水量为470.7?mm,并以10.31?mm·10?a?1的速率增加.黄河源区春季降水量最大,其余三季以澜沧江源区最高,...