Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

刀具布置对茎秆切碎还田机振动的影响分析

分析了影响茎秆切碎还田机振动的主要因素，并对典型机具的刀片排列方案进行了研究．从而提出了茎秆切碎还田机刀片排列的主要理论依据。     

3个美国油梨品种在粤西产区引种表现评价

为了解引入国家热带果树种质资源圃(广东湛江)的3个美国油梨品种Hass,Tonnage和Wilson的生育期、果实品质性状和适应性等情况,对这些品种花形态、开花特性、开花授粉受精生理特征和主要果实性状等指标进行了观测和比较分析。结果表明,3个引进油梨品种在粤西地区均能正常开花结果,果实生理成熟期Hass为11月上旬,Tonnage为8月旬,Wilson为9月初。花期均为2月下旬至4月中旬,花期比原产地短10~20天,Hass和Tonnage为A型花, Wilson为B型花;Hass、Tonnage和Wilson花粉萌发率均较高,分别为87%、75%和82%,开花后3h为最佳授粉期。果实风味、口感、颜色等性状与引种地基本一致,而Wilson平均单果重比引种地提高了2倍左右,而Tonnage单果重只达到引种地的70%, Hass与原产地相近。以上结果可为引进品种在我国的生产和利用提供参考。     

疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响

为了研究疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响,以不疏花为对照,在初花期对其进行疏花处理,统计疏花量、记录果实发育情况及成熟日期,并测定果实成熟时的品质和整个过程中树体叶片营养变化情况。据统计,每株树的平均疏花量达到80%-90%左右,疏掉的小穗数、支穗数和侧穗数分别为89.81%、89.74%、81.82%。试验结果表明,疏花使无核荔枝的果实发育情况及果实成熟时的可食率、单果重、总糖、维生素C、还原糖均高于对照;果实成熟时,平均单株产量提高70.59%;疏花处理的果实成熟期较对照提前7天左右;该过程中树体叶片N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg含量在前期高于而后期稍低于对照。疏花加快了无核荔枝果实生长发育,并提高了果实的产量和品质。     

种植油菜对‘玉露香梨’坐果及果实品质的影响

为明确梨树行间种植油菜在改善梨果品质方面的作用,本试验比较了行间清耕和行间种植油菜处理下梨园土壤养分和访花昆虫情况,分析了梨果实坐果率、脱萼率及果实品质。结果表明,行间种植油菜较行间清耕处理显著提高了梨园土壤中速效磷和速效钾含量,增幅为36.6%和11.2%,此外可以增加昆虫特别是蜜蜂的访问量,减少金龟子的访问量;与行间清耕+自然授粉相比,行间种植油菜+自然授粉与人工授粉处理均可显著提高梨坐果率和脱萼率,增加果实重量和减小果实偏斜率;同时,行间种植油菜+自然授粉处理下梨果实可溶性固形物和总糖含量均最高,达13.83%和9.45%。行间种植油菜可以提高梨园土壤营养和授粉昆虫的数量,增加梨坐果和改善果实品质。     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。     

葡萄利用结果枝副梢二次结果栽培试验

摘要：在桂林葡萄产区开展利用结果枝副梢促花二次结果的栽培试验,总结在新梢生长期喷多效唑（或矮壮素）、对新梢重度修剪促进冬芽提早萌发是整齐促放葡萄二茬果的关键技术,观测了二茬果果品品质和效益,提出了生产二茬果注意的技术问题。     

基于体验经济的乡村花卉旅游产品提升策略研究

旅游从诞生之初就具备了体验经济的属性,而创造独特的、难忘的、新奇的旅游体验,让旅游 者在旅行过程中获得多层次需求的满足成为旅游企业努力的方向。在体验经济时代背景下,针对乡 村花卉旅游市场,了解游客市场需求,发挥资源优势,转变运营思路,对原有的花卉旅游产品进行提升 和创新是目前值得思考研究的课题。根据模型提出乡村花卉旅游产品的提升策略,主要是针对存在 的问题提出相应的解决方案,结合理论给出系统的产品建议,同时也提出了政府、企业、乡村、人才培 养等方面保障建议以促进花卉旅游的可持续发展。     

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.