壳聚糖对丰都红心柚保鲜效果的影响

采用H202氧化降解法制备相对分子质量(Mw)为1 500～2000的低分子质量壳聚糖.先用有益微生物制剂100液浸果2 min,再用浓度为1.5%的低分子质量壳聚糖涂膜保鲜丰都红心柚.试验结果表明,在常温和普通民房贮藏条件下贮藏100天,其烂果率为9.2%、干疤率为10.3%,防腐保鲜效果优于化学防腐保鲜剂.     

杨梅果实贮藏保鲜技术研究

以杨梅果实为试材,研究品种、温度、钙液和保鲜液等处理对果实贮藏效果的影响.结果表明:6月中下旬以后成熟的东魁、荸荠种等杨梅品种耐藏,好果率高于其它品种,适于贮藏保鲜.采前对树上果实喷洒钙液,能提高耐藏力,好果率比对照提高6.39%-13.18%,喷2次的比1次的效果更为显著.杨梅果实在(10±1)℃冰箱中贮藏10 d,除个别早熟品种外多数品种好果率仍保持在90%以上.贮藏保鲜期比常温下延长1周.以3号保鲜液浸染果实处理,在(4±1)℃冷库中贮藏保鲜效果最好,在贮后第15 d和第20 d好果率分别为97.03%和90.55%,特别是后期效果明显好于对照和另外2种保鲜液.从商业角度看,杨梅果实贮藏15 d时应出库,果实质量好、损耗少、安全可靠.     

有机基质配方对袋培番茄生长及产量的影响

为克服设施番茄连作障碍,实现有机基质栽培规模化,以 '宝冠'番茄为试材,将牛粪、鸡粪、羊粪、秸秆、稻壳、河沙,按体积比组成6个有机基质配方(T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6),研究其对番茄生长及产量的影响.结果表明,有机基质的养分含量显著高于对照(CK,土壤栽培),容重、空隙度适宜,EC和pH值略高,但结果期降至理想范围.6个配方基质袋培番茄的株高、茎粗、各器官干质量、坐果率及产量等显著高于CK,不同配方相比,T2(牛粪∶砂子∶稻壳∶鸡粪＝4∶2∶2∶2)表现最佳.     

不同包装材料对辐照乳饼保存期影响的研究

 新鲜乳饼分别采用高阻氧铝箔袋和耐高温3层透明复合袋（PVDC）包装,经60Coγ 8kGy剂量辐照后,研究在1个月常温贮藏周期中乳饼的感官性状、水分、pH值、酸价指标的变化,探讨不同包装材料对辐照乳饼保存期的影响。结果表明：在1个月常温贮藏周期中,高阻氧铝箔袋和耐高温3层透明复合袋对辐照乳饼保存期影响差异不显著,铝箔装的乳饼感官性状稍好于PVDC复合装的乳饼,但不易观察到内容物变化,且成本高,生产中宜采用耐高温3层透明复合袋（PVDC）包装。     

壳聚糖和大蒜素复合涂膜对葡萄的保鲜效果

以黑提葡萄为材料,研究壳聚糖单一涂膜与壳聚糖和大蒜素复合涂膜对黑提葡萄保鲜效果的影响,结果表明,2种涂膜处理均可以有效抑制葡萄的呼吸强度,降低失重率和MDA的积累量,延缓SSC和TA的降解,提高好果率和果实耐压力,维持高活性的SOD,相比之下,大蒜素与壳聚糖复配的可食性膜的保鲜效果明显好于单一壳聚糖处理.     

不同果袋对大五星枇杷果实品质的影响

采用不同果袋对大五星枇杷果实进行套袋试验.结果表明,采用枇杷专用果袋和牛皮纸袋可提高大五星枇杷果实的外观质量,促进果实着色、保持茸毛完整、减轻或防止果锈发生,提高商品性及可食率;套塑料袋比不套袋(CK)日灼果有所增加.与对照(不套袋)相比,各处理的果实,可溶性固形物和Vc含量有所降低.综合比较看,套袋的效果以枇杷专用果袋最好,牛皮纸袋次之,塑料袋最差.     

基于单片机的果袋机光电自动纠偏系统

果实的外观和品质对于果实来说非常的重要,为了提高苹果的果实品质,果农广泛采用果实套袋技术。为了提高果袋的质量和生产速度,需采用自动化程度高的果袋机,但传统的果袋机只能手动纠偏,因此设计出一种光电纠偏系统来进行自动纠偏。该系统主要通过光电传感器检测出偏移量,通过A/D转换将偏移量传入单片机,单片机选出对应的脉冲输入步进电机从而完成纠偏。     

瑶山雪梨MAP常温保鲜效果研究

试验采用厚度0.03mmPE、0.03mmPVC和0.05mmPVC保鲜膜处理,以不扎口作对照,研究瑶山雪梨MAP常温保鲜效果。结果表明:20℃MAP贮藏35d,显著(P<0.05)抑制果实呼吸强度,降低果肉硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,减少果实失重率和腐烂率。其中,0.05mmPVC保鲜效果最好,稳定阶段袋内O23.5%～5.5%、CO26.0%～7.0%;贮藏35d,果肉硬度5.3kg·cm-2,可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、失重率和腐烂率分别为10.9%,0.076%,7.2%,30%。     

Organic matter and seed survival of Striga hermonthica – Mechanisms for seed depletion in the soil

Seed survival of Striga hermonthica is influenced by amendments of organic matter; however, the role of organic matter quality (C:N ratio) and mechanisms for enhanced seed decay are inadequately understood. In a field experiment, plots received a single dose of 6 t organic matter per hectare but with large differences in quality in terms of C:N ratio. Soil moisture, soil temperature and soil ethylene concentrations were measured, while buried nylon seed bags were periodically withdrawn from the soil and assayed for seed viability and germination. Organic matter amendments incorporated in the soil significantly depressed S. hermonthica seed survival. The effect was strongest with organic matter of high quality. Organic matter of low-quality enhanced soil water content during the first five days after a rainfall event and resulted in a 0.5 °C lower soil temperature. The highest observed ethylene concentrations in the soil were between 2 and 3 ppm, high enough to stimulate S. hermonthica seed germination. Maximal seed germination in vitro was obtained after 48 h of exposure to 1 ppm ethylene. However, observed changes in seed germination and viability of retrieved seed batches (seed survival) did not correlate with soil ethylene concentrations. The latter in turn did not differ between qualities of the applied organic matter. Seed survival decreased with increasing time of burial, especially after 4–8 weeks. As S. hermonthica attachment mainly occurs during the first four weeks of the cropping season the observed effect of seed decay may hardly be beneficial for the on-going cropping season. Nutrient release through decomposition of organic matter, enhancing decay of S. hermonthica seeds, is proposed as the probable cause of seed depletion in the soil.     

海南省芒果产业链研究

海南省芒果产量、种植面积皆位居全国首位,海南芒果产业的发展态势对其他省份起着导向性作用。研究海南芒果的生产成本、品种结构、销售途径、加工等,分析海南省芒果产业链环节之间存在的问题,提出相应的对策建议,为政府部门指导芒果产业的发展提供决策参考。