早花烤烟氮、磷、钾吸收规律研究初报

此试验研究了广东南雄早花烤烟生长期间天气变化和氮磷钾三大元素的吸收和积累规律。结果表明,移栽后烤烟对短日照时数处理不敏感,不会致其生育期提前;移栽后遭遇15℃以下的低温是烟株提早开花,提前进入生育期的主要原因,且气温越低,开花越早;烟草叶内氮含量和磷含量的急剧减少可作为烟草进入成花阶段的标志;打顶后早花烤烟氮磷钾三大元素进入快速积累期,施用速效氮肥以保证驳枝上叶的正常发育是必要的。     

‘Niigata S3’ is a new strawberry cultivar suitable for forcing culture under low temperature and insolation conditions

‘Niigata S3’ is a new strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivar that is early flowering and possesses high soluble solid content and good coloration. It was selected from a cross between Kei812 (seed parent) and ‘Asuka-Ruby’ (pollen parent). The first harvest date of ‘Niigata S3’ was December 27, 34 days earlier than ‘Echigohime’ and 9 days earlier than ‘Asuka-Ruby’ (means of 2007 and 2008). The marketable yield of ‘Niigata S3’ was 85% of ‘Echigohime’, 107% of ‘Asuka-Ruby’, while the early yield was 145% of ‘Echigohime’, 85% of ‘Asuka-Ruby’ (based on 2007 and 2008 means). The shape of the fruit is long conical, and its skin color medium-red. The fruit skin hardness of ‘Niigata S3’ was 31.5 g/mm², which was harder than ‘Echigohime’, and its average soluble solid content was 11.4%, which was higher than the values for ‘Echigohime’ and ‘Asuka-Ruby’ (2008). Furthermore, ‘Niigata S3’ did not bear apical overripe fruit. This new cultivar is adaptable to the climatic conditions of Niigata, as well as other regions that experience low winter temperatures and insolation.     

开花期喷施外源激素对小豆农艺性状及产量的影响

为探究不同浓度的外源物质脱落酸(ABA)对小豆农艺性状及产量的影响,以2个小豆品种'白红8号'和'012-27'为试验材料,大田花期叶面喷施后,在不同生育期测量植株主茎长度、主茎粗度、叶片鲜重、根系鲜重及产量性状等.结果 表明:花期施用浓度为100mg/L和200mg/L的ABA能显著降低'白红8号'和'012-27'...     

贵德县梨树始花期与气象因子的相关分析及预报模型

为准确预报贵德地区梨树的始花期提供方法支持。笔者利用2007—2014 年青海省贵德县气象局观测的梨树始花期资料和地面气象观测资料,对影响梨树始花期的气象因子进行分析。结果表明：影响梨树始花期的主要气象因子是气温稳定通过5.0℃到3 月底的积温值。利用逐步回归分析方法建立了基于主要气象因子的梨树始花期预报模型,用所建立的预测模型对2007—2014 年梨花始花期进行回测,准确率较高。对2015 年梨树始花期日期进行预测,预测值与实际观测值之间相差1 天,预报值基本吻合。所建立的预测模型能准确预测贵德县梨树始花期的预报。     

不同有机肥对有机茶园茶叶产量及开花量影响的研究

为了研究不同有机物料在有机茶园中的施用效果,在八年生有机茶园内设置4种无害化有机物料、3个不同水平的处理,研究这些处理对福鼎种茶树生产性状、鲜叶生化品质及开花量的影响。试验结果表明:与空白对照相比,各种无害化有机物料处理均可显著改善茶树的生长,提高茶叶的产量,改善茶叶的品质,降低开花量,提高经济效益。芽重增加17.06%~42.06%,茶芽密度提高20.9%~36.4%,茶青的产量提高41.26%~93.4 9%,开花量降低2 1.6 7%~4 6.8%,产值增加1 757~3 223元/6 6 7 m2不等;茶叶的水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱等品质成分含量比对照有明显增加。     

Development of a sequence-specific PCR marker linked to the Ku gene which removes the vernalization requirement in narrow-leafed lupin

Wild types of Lupinus angustifolius require vernalization to promote flowering. Modern domesticated cultivars carry the early-flowering gene Ku which removes this requirement. A microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism marker was identified as co-segregating with the Ku gene in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a domesticated × wild-type cross. DNA sequencing showed that the marker contained a 7 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism, as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism. A pair of sequence-specific primers was designed and successfully converted the size polymorphism into a simple polymerase chain reaction based co-dominant marker. This marker is closely linked to the Ku gene, as it co-segregates with the Ku phenotyping in a population consisting of 106 RILs.     

甘蓝型油菜GZ522早花性状形成的分子基础

选择适当早花早熟的油菜资源是解决多熟制生产中冬季作物油菜与其它夏季作物接茬矛盾的关键;早花是早熟的基础,对油菜早花材料的早花形成原因开展研究,有利于通过分子育种加速选育适合生产需要的新品种.本研究选取稳定的早花早熟品系GZ522作为研究对象,以甘蓝型油菜XY15为对照,采用生物统计学和分子生物学方法对其农艺性状和早花形...     

带有黄绿叶色标记的香型籼稻不育系形态特征及开花习性

我们对3个含有黄绿叶色标记的香型籼稻不育系黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A和正常绿叶不育系Ⅱ-32A、G46A的形态特征及开花习性进行了调查分析。结果表明：黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系同正常叶色不育系Ⅱ-32A、G46A的叶色差异显著,易肉眼识别,其外部形态特征为植株叶片及颖壳呈黄绿色,黄标A株系株高（41.5～56.5cm）比Ⅱ-32A（59.5cm）、G46A（60.4cm）要矮,以黄标3A的播始期85d比Ⅱ-32A短8d、比G46A长7d,穗长、穗平着粒与Ⅱ-32A、G46A相当,千粒重比Ⅱ-32A、G46A高出1.8g和1.47g,其中颖尖、叶鞘、叶耳及叶片边缘呈紫红色。黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系的柱头外露率、张颖角度都高于Ⅱ-32A和G46A,柱头生活力供试不育系间存在着生理功能的差异。包颈长度Ⅱ-32A最长,黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A与G46A相当;半包颈长度黄标1A、黄标2A和黄标3A相当（3.0～3.5cm）、而Ⅱ-32A最长（5.0cm）、G46A次之（4.5cm）。黄标1A、黄标2A、黄标3A不育系的开花动态相似,曲线呈双峰型,开花高峰为开花后的第2～5天,与Ⅱ-32A的开花动态相似,但Ⅱ-32A有明显的低谷,而G46A曲线呈单峰型。不同不育系所开的颖花数并不一样,以开花第8天统计开花数以黄标2A最多,其次是黄标3A,黄标1A和对照Ⅱ-32A开花数相同,而G46A到第8天开花结束。黄标1A、黄标2A的开花盛期与Ⅱ-32A一致,为开花后第5天,而黄标3A与G46A一致,为4d。参试不育系每天上午10：00时初花、11：00～12：30时为开花盛期,只有G46A表现出迟花特性。     

Effect of allele combinations at Ppd-1 loci on durum wheat grain filling at contrasting latitudes

Flowering time is the most critical developmental stage in wheat, as it determines environmental conditions during grain filling. Thirty-five spring durum genotypes carrying all known allele variants at Ppd-1 loci were evaluated in fully irrigated field experiments for three years at latitudes of 41°N (Spain), 27°N (northern Mexico) and 19°N (southern Mexico). Relationships between weight of central grains of main spikes (W) and thermal time from flowering to maturity were described by a logistic equation. Differences in flowering time between the allele combination causing the earliest (GS100/Ppd-B1a) and the latest (Ppd-A1b/Ppd-B1a) flowering were 7, 20 and 18 days in Spain, northern Mexico and southern Mexico, respectively. Flowering delay drastically reduced the mean grain filling rate (R) and W at all sites. At autumn-sowing sites, an increase of 1°C in mean temperature during the first half of the grain filling period decreased W by 5.2 mg per grain. At these sites, W was strongly dependent on R. At the spring-sowing site (southern Mexico), W depended on both R and grain filling duration. Our results suggest that incorporating the allele combinations GS100/Ppd-B1a and GS105/Ppd-B1a (alleles conferring photoperiod insensitivity) in newly released varieties can reduce the negative effects of climate change on grain filling at the studied latitudes.     

玉米开花期相关的Indeterminate domain(IDD)蛋白家族基因的鉴定

开花期是影响玉米产量的重要因子之一。Indeterminate1 (ID1)编码玉米Indeterminate domain (IDD)家族蛋白,是玉米开花期的重要调控因子。然而,其他玉米IDD蛋白家族基因及其生物学功能有待深入研究。本文利用生物信息学技术在玉米基因组中鉴定并分离了37个IDD家族基因,记作ZmIDD。表达分析发现这些ZmIDD基因在8个玉米组织中显示出多种表达模式。为进一步探讨ZmIDD基因在调控玉米开花期上的作用,检测了37个ZmIDD在172个自交系中的遗传多样性,发现35个ZmIDD基因在自交系间具有多态性,平均每个基因具有37.8个多态性位点。关联分析鉴定到包含ID1在内的7个ZmIDD基因在多个环境下与开花期性状显著关联。对Zm00001d020683基因2 kb的启动子区和600 bp编码区重测序,共鉴定到64个多态性位点。候选基因关联分析鉴定到2个启动子区的插入缺失(In/Del)位点与开花期显著关联,其中2个位点分别插入3 bp和2 bp的单倍型为一种提早开花的基因型。研究结果为玉米开花期相关基因的分离和利用研究提供了候选基因和选择靶点。