Rooting Success of Cuttings from Young Picea abies in Transition to Flowering Competent Phase

Abstract

Abundant flowering occurred in a central Swedish trial with 10-yr-old Picea abies L. (Karst.) cuttings, taken on 4-yr-old seedlings. Large deviations in cone-set between clones were assumed to reflect different stages in transition from juvenile to flowering competent phase. Rooting success and first-yr growth performance (leader length, leader origin and plagiotropic growth) were studied on cuttings originating from the upper and lower parts of the crown in 15 clones with heavy cone-set and 15 clones without cones. Twigs from the lower part of the crown had a significantly higher rooting percentage. Cone-set did not have an effect on any of the variables analysed. The results suggest that flowering ability and rooting capacity are independent age-related processes, implying that selection for high rooting capacity in clonal forestry does not reduce flowering competence. The results will have a great impact on breeding of P. abies, since both early flowering and high rooting ability are important traits for reducing the turnover time of the breeding cycle.     

广州乡土木本开花植物资源简介

简要介绍广州市乡土木本开花植物资源的基本情况,广州市共有乡土木本开花植物有93科260属632种,按照园林用途可分为风景林木类、防护林类、行道树类、孤植类、垂枝绿化类、绿篱类、造型及树桩盆景盆栽类和木本地被类。文中简要阐述了各种乡土开花植物的大致用途,并对广州市乡土木本开花植物利用现状、原因作了论述和分析,为今后合理科学地开发利用提出一些对策和建议。     

刨花楠开花结实习性及其种子贮藏试验初报

观察了刨花楠开花结实习性,并进行了种子不同贮藏方法试验.结果表明:刨花楠开花结实期在不同坡向上差异明显,花期阳坡早于阴坡8 ～ 10 d,果期则早4 ～ 5d;刨花楠盛花期为4月5 ～ 15日,果熟盛期为6月中下旬;不同贮藏方法和贮藏时间刨花楠种子的保存率、发芽率、发芽势均有较明显差异,以低温湿沙贮藏效果较好,贮藏半年后种子保存率达100%,发芽率、发芽势达71.67%.     

Simultaneous flowering of umbrella bamboo （Fargesia murieliae） at its native home in Central China

Introduction The life history of many bamboo species is characterized by an unusual flowering habit. They often flower and die simultaneously over wide areas at long intervals (3–120 years), and then regenerate from seed or rhizome (Janzen 1976; Liese 19…     

樟子松雄球花开花生物学特性的观测与分析

以城市庭院绿地栽培的樟子松为材料,观察分析球花发育和传粉等开花生物学特性,结果表明:在2013年的气候条件下,群体花期持续10 d,单株传粉变动于5~8 d之间,平均为6.2 d。在不同植株中,雄球花花序大小和着生的小孢子叶球数量有明显的差别,1、2、3号树的雄花序平均长度和平均着生小孢子叶球数量分别为3.2 cm和68枚、2.8 cm和52枚、2.4 cm和44枚。小孢子叶球膨大显露、花粉母细胞减数分裂、群体撒粉初期、群体撒粉结束期4个阶段≥10℃有效积温分别为68℃、141℃、278℃和367℃。     

开花麻竹叶绿素荧光参数测定

叶绿素荧光是研究光合作用的有效探针。为了探讨开花对麻竹光合作用的影响,应用PAM-100分别测定了开花与未开化麻竹的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,随着光强的升高[0~2 000μmol/（m^2·s）],在开始阶段[0~200μmol/（m^2·s）]麻竹叶片的NPQ、Y（NPQ）、Y（ND）、ETR（Ⅱ）和ETR（Ⅰ）均迅速升高,Y（Ⅱ）和Y（Ⅰ）却迅速下降,之后变化缓慢并趋于平稳,而Y（NA）和Y（NO）几乎一直维持平稳;其中未开花麻竹的NPQ、Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）均高于开花麻竹,Y（Ⅱ）、Fv/Fm和ETR（Ⅱ）无明显差异。在本实验培养光照下[230μmol/（m2·s）],未开花麻竹的NPQ、Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）也均高于开花麻竹。由此表明,开花引起麻竹PSⅠ的Y（Ⅰ）和ETR（Ⅰ）以及PSⅡ的NPQ降低,这意味着开花麻竹的光保护能力下降,使得PSⅠ受体侧电子积累,导致光合效率下降。     

A relationship between heading date and in vitro tillering propensity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Summary In vitro tillers of over 1000 genotypes from nine contrasting Lolium perenne cultivars were cultured on various media containing the synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in order to determine the effect on tillering. The cultures were assessed after seven weeks for survival, tiller production, size and vigour. Added auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and -napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) had no consistent beneficial effects.A significant relationship was found between in vitro tiller production and cultivar heading date. Genotypes of early-heading, less persistent cultivars produced more tillers than genotypes from late heading more persistent cultivars. This was consistent with the generally higher in vitro tiller production in the biennial species Lolium multiflorum cultured on similar media.     

Sensitivity to Drought Stress of Three Soybean Cultivars During Different Growth Stages

Three soybean ( Glycine max L.) culivars, Lee-74, Wright , and Ra 401 , were subjected to 100 % (control), 75 %, and 50 % of field capacity during vegetative (VI), flowering (R2), and pod-filling (R4) stages in greenhouse and field studies. Stress applied at R2 significantly reduced the yield in the greenhouse, while in the field, the maximum reduction was observed when the plants were subjected to stress at R4. Stress during VI reduced the yield components less than stress applied during R2 or R4 stages in both studies. The pod number and seed weight were the yield components most affected by drought stress, and the number of seeds per pod the least affected. Yield stress index was significantly correlated with the yield and its components. The reproductive stage was clearly more sensitive to drought than the vegetative stage. The cultivar Lee 74 had the highest yield and the second highest yield stress index whereas the cultivar Ra 401 had the lowest yield.     

Construction and characterization of a BAC library of soybean

We have constructed a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from green leaf protoplasts of the cultivar, Misuzudaizu. The library contains 53,760 clones with an average insert size of 116 kb. About 2.9% chloroplast DNA origin was revealed by PCR and colony hybridization. Apart from 2.8% clones having no insert, this library represents 5.2 genome equivalents. With this genome coverage, the probability of having any DNA sequence represented in the library is higher than 99.5%. Three-dimensional pools of the BAC library in combination with the use of a high efficiency genome scanning (HEGS) electrophoresis facilitate rapid and efficient PCR-based screening. An average of five positive clones were identified after screening the BAC library with SSR and STS markers. BAC-end walking was performed for three SSR associated BACs. This library will provide a good resource for positional cloning of agronomically and biologically important QTL genes that Misuzudaizu possesses.     

白蜡属植物的开花特性和动态观察

研究花器官形态结构和开花特性,为白蜡授粉受精提供理论依据。本研究选取了3个白蜡品种（‘鲁蜡2号’、‘鲁蜡5号’和‘金箭’）,对其开花特性、花器官构造进行观察。结果表明,白蜡品种雄株花期为11～13天,开花时间比雌株早13～15天;雌株‘鲁蜡2号’的花期为5～6天。3个白蜡品种的小花密集,开花后苞片2裂,花萼钟状4深裂,无花冠。雄花开花后露出舟形花药,花丝极短。雌花苞片开裂后露出雌蕊,柱头成熟时两裂,呈粉红色,花柱极短。扫描电镜下的3个白蜡品种苞片和花萼表面均有盾毛分布,不同品种间盾毛的形态有差异;‘金箭’、‘鲁蜡5号’的花药与花粉结构无显著差异;‘鲁蜡2号’整个雌蕊表面都有不规则褶皱分布。本研究可为进一步开展白蜡属植物的育种和种质资源创新利用研究提供参考。