Tyvek?地表覆盖后三个晚熟品种柑橘果实品质的分析

为提出缓解长江三峡库区秋冬季连阴雨导致的低温寡日照对中晚熟柑橘果实品质的影响采取的栽培措施提供理论依据;本试验以重庆柑橘主栽品种椪柑(Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck)、纽荷尔脐橙(Citrus sinensisO sbeck ‘Newhall’)和塔罗科血橙(Citrus sinensis cv Tarocco)为材料,开展柑橘果实成熟期杜邦特卫强地膜全覆盖(Full cover,FC)、半覆盖(Half cover,HC)地表覆盖处理,和未覆盖作为对照(CK),测定了树体不同部位的果实内在品质和外观品质; Tyvek?覆盖后纽荷尔脐橙和塔罗科血橙的通过显著降低了树体下部果实黄绿色差b的值,进而HC和FC下部果实外观品质a/b相对提高达到9.00%以上,同时下部亮度L也有显著提高;对覆盖后对椪柑外观色泽影响较小。对于果实的内在品质而言,椪柑和纽荷尔脐橙Tyvek?覆盖在90d时的树体下部的果实可滴定酸(Titratable acid,TA)含量均显著降低,且椪柑T/A相对于CK均达到10%以上;塔罗科血橙在150dFC处理果实可溶性固形物(Total soluble soiled content,TSS)显著的提高,HC处理显著降低了TA含量,最终覆盖后果实T/A均达到10%以上。研究表明在地表覆盖方式可以有效地降低秋冬季节多雨寡日照对中晚熟柑橘品质的影响,有效地促进了中晚熟柑橘品种果实品质,提高中晚熟柑橘的经济价值。     

植保无人飞机喷施叶面肥作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响

为探究植保无人飞机（大疆T30）作业参数对枇杷冠层雾滴沉积分布的影响。本文利用3个因素（作业高度、作业速度、亩用液量）,3因子的正交实验,进行植保无人飞机喷洒枇杷树的喷雾试验。试验结果表明：从雾滴沉积密度、雾滴覆盖率和雾滴穿透性等因素来看,植保无人飞机对枇杷树的最佳作业参数为：作业高度2.0m、作业速度4.5m·s-1、亩用液量2.0L。对雾滴穿透冠层的影响最大的因素是工作高度;在1.5m的作业高度下雾滴沉积穿透性最佳。本研究对指导植保无人飞机枇杷树精准喷施叶面肥具有重要意义。     

五个典型柑桔品种的落花落果规律调查

以成年纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、沙田柚、尤力克柠檬和圆金柑为材料,探索其花果脱落规律。结果表明,最终坐果率与总花量（含花蕾）显著负相关（P < 0.01）;平均单株花果脱落总数量为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 圆金柑 > 尤力克柠檬;平均单株花果脱落总干重为兴津温州蜜柑 > 纽荷尔脐橙 > 沙田柚 > 尤力克柠檬 > 圆金柑;纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚第一次生理落果数量大于第二次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑第二次生理落果数量大于第一次生理落果。因此,纽荷尔脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑和沙田柚应重点防止第一次生理落果,尤力克柠檬和圆金柑应重点防止第二次生理落果。     

葡萄利用结果枝副梢二次结果栽培试验

摘要：在桂林葡萄产区开展利用结果枝副梢促花二次结果的栽培试验,总结在新梢生长期喷多效唑（或矮壮素）、对新梢重度修剪促进冬芽提早萌发是整齐促放葡萄二茬果的关键技术,观测了二茬果果品品质和效益,提出了生产二茬果注意的技术问题。     

基于ICESat-GLAS数据和回波仿真原理识别森林类型

[目的]利用星载激光雷达波形数据对森林类型识别时,受地形、噪声和林层结构等因素影响,针叶林、阔叶林和混交林森林类型识别精度较低,为提高森林类型识别精度,需提取与森林类型相关的波形特征参数.[方法]结合回波仿真原理与林分冠层特征对GLAS回波波形进行理论分析,提出了与森林类型相关的波形特征参数147R-cafit-、K1...     

赏食兼用型辣椒花瓣和果实紫色性状遗传分析

为研究赏食兼用型辣椒花瓣和果实紫色性状遗传机制,以白辣观赏椒F₇和紫辣观赏椒F₈作亲本,构建6个世代群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、BC₁、BC₂),采用目测法分析6个世代群体的花色、青熟期果色性状,研究辣椒花瓣和果实紫色性状遗传规律。结果显示,F₁代辣椒花瓣和青熟期果实均表现为紫色,说明辣椒花瓣和青熟期果实的紫色对白色均为显性,F₂代分离群体紫色和白色都符合孟德尔3:1的分离比例,表明辣椒花瓣和青熟期果实紫色花瓣性状各受1对显性基因控制,BC₁代分离群体紫色和白色都符合1:1的分离比例;BC₂代辣椒花色和果色均表现为紫色,但有颜色深浅的区别,表明控制辣椒花瓣和青熟期果实紫色的基因具有累加效应。     

Physiological and anatomical changes in two rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes under drought stress conditions

Understanding the mechanisms of drought resistance in crop species is crucial for the selection and breeding of tolerant rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties. The present study aimed to assess the physiological and anatomical responses of two rapeseed genotypes, P287 (drought-tolerant) and T88 (drought-sensitive) under three intensities of drought stress. All physiological and anatomical parameters related to drought acclimation were significantly altered in both genotypes under stress conditions. At the fourth-leaf stage, the relative water content, chlorophyll content, protein content, malondialdehyde content, and the activities of peroxidase and catalase in P287 were significantly higher than those in T88, particularly under severe drought conditions. After rehydration, all physiological indexes recovered rapidly, especially in P287. In addition, under drought stress, compared with T88, P287 had thicker palisade tissue, thinner spongy tissue, higher ratio of chloroplast length to chloroplast width, higher stomatal density and stomatal closure rate. Overall, the interaction between physiological and anatomical features improved the drought tolerance of P287 under drought stress conditions.     

基于体验经济的乡村花卉旅游产品提升策略研究

旅游从诞生之初就具备了体验经济的属性,而创造独特的、难忘的、新奇的旅游体验,让旅游 者在旅行过程中获得多层次需求的满足成为旅游企业努力的方向。在体验经济时代背景下,针对乡 村花卉旅游市场,了解游客市场需求,发挥资源优势,转变运营思路,对原有的花卉旅游产品进行提升 和创新是目前值得思考研究的课题。根据模型提出乡村花卉旅游产品的提升策略,主要是针对存在 的问题提出相应的解决方案,结合理论给出系统的产品建议,同时也提出了政府、企业、乡村、人才培 养等方面保障建议以促进花卉旅游的可持续发展。     

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.     

Effects of sediment load on the abrasion of soil aggregate and hydraulic parameters in experimental overland flow

The breakdown of soil aggregates under rainfall and their abrasion in overland flow are important processes in water erosion due to the production of more fine and transportable particles and, the subsequent significant effect on the erosion intensity. Currently, little is known about the effects of sediment load on the soil aggregate abrasion and the relationship of this abrasion with some related hydraulic parameters. Here, the potential effects of sediment load on soil aggregate abrasion and hydraulic parameters in overland flow were investigated through a series of experiments in a 3.8-m-long hydraulic flume at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, unit flow discharges from 2×10~(–3) to 6×10~(–3) m~2 s~(-1), and the sediment concentration from 0 to 110 kg m~(–3). All the aggregates from Ultisols developed Quaternary red clay, Central China. The results indicated that discharge had the most significant(P0.01) effect on the aggregates abrasion with the contributions of 58.76 and 60.34%, followed by sediment feed rate, with contributions of 39.66 and 34.12% at the slope gradients of 8.7 and 26.8%, respectively. The abrasion degree of aggregates was found to increase as a power function of the sediment concentration. Meanwhile, the flow depth, friction factor, and shear stress increased as a power function along with the increase of sediment concentration at different slope gradients and discharges. Reynolds number was obviously affected by sediment concentration and it decreased as sediment concentration increased. The ratio of the residual weight to the initial weight of soil aggregates(Wr/Wi) was found to increase as the linear function with an increasing flow depth(P=0.008) or Reynolds number(P=0.002) in the sediment-laden flow. The Wr/Wi values followed a power function decrease with increasing friction factor or shear stress in the sediment-laden flow, indicating that friction factor is the best hydraulic parameter for prediction of soil aggregate abrasion under different sediment load conditions. The information regarding the soil aggregate abrasion under various sediment load conditions can facilitate soil process-based erosion modeling.