Comparison of flower color with anthocyanin composition patterns in evergreen azalea

In evergreen azaleas, major anthocyanins were detected from petals of wild species and cultivars by HPLC analysis. Depending on flower color, all samples were divided into three groups: red, purple or white, using the Japan color standard for horticultural plants. The chromatic components a* and b* values of red group samples showed a convergent distribution, whereas those of purple group samples showed a wider distribution. According to the HPLC analysis, red group samples had two to four major anthocyanins, and those of the purple group had two to six major ones. In contrast, no anthocyanins were detected in the white group petals, although anthocyanidins were detected. These results suggest that the anthocyanin constitution of the purple group flowers is more varied than that of the red group flowers, and this wider variety among purple flowers contributes to extending the diversity of flower color in evergreen azalea.     

广西唇柱苣苔属植物及其园林应用

介绍了广西唇柱苣苔属植物资源的基本特点、观花性状和园林应用,同时对广西唇柱苣苔属植物的保护和开发利用提出了建议.其中,广西唇柱苣苔属植物的6个基本特点是:①唇柱苣苔属观赏植物资源丰富;②观花性状显著;③特有现象突出;④抗逆性特点强;⑤同一种类不同居群其形态变化很大;⑥分布不均性.     

不同西瓜类型果实茄红素含量的比较研究

采用分光光度法对33个西瓜材料进行茄红素含量的测定,材料涉及不同的瓤色和倍性。结果表明:在白瓤、橙黄瓤、金黄瓤、粉红瓤、红瓤和深红瓤的西瓜材料之间,白瓤西瓜茄红素含量最低,深红瓤西瓜含量最高,茄红素的含量与瓤色大致成正相关。其中深红瓤二倍体西瓜材料中S292、VS8-44的茄红素含量比较高,分别为6.372 mg/100g鲜重和6.350 mg/100g鲜重,三倍体材料中最高的是VS6-19,茄红素含量为6.684 mg/100g鲜重。同瓤色的不同材料之间茄红素的含量与倍性无关,与材料的基因型相关。     

农用有机硅助剂对全雌性旱黄瓜诱雄效果影响的研究

以全雌性旱黄瓜品种为试验材料,研究不同化学药剂（赤霉素、硝酸银、硫代硫酸银）及其不同使用浓度,结合有机硅助剂,分别两次处理4叶期、6叶期雌性系黄瓜幼苗,以每种诱雄药剂不加有机硅助剂为对照,观察各处理植株前15节的诱雄效果。结果表明,三种药剂均能够在一定程度上起到诱导雄花的效果,但是相同浓度下加入有机硅处理的各组叶片伤害程度较轻,采种量也较大,效果最好的组合是300mg／L硝酸银加有机硅助剂的一组。     

东北地区日光温室非洲菊高效栽培探析

结合非洲菊的生长特性,从繁殖、定植、苗期管理、花期管理、生育期中温、光、水肥、病虫害及采后管理等方面介绍了非洲菊的高效栽培技术,为非洲菊在东北地区的大面积种植,提高东北地区非洲菊鲜切花产量提供了理论依据。     

基于HJ-1CCD遥感影像的西双版纳橡胶种植区提取

利用橡胶林第一蓬叶变色-稳定期环境遥感影像作为遥感信息源,根据橡胶林这一时期特有的影像特征,通过监督分类方法实现对西双版纳橡胶种植分布区信息的提取,解决了监督分类时树龄、品种和耕作制度造成的光谱差异问题;监督分类前利用NDVI阈值对非提取目标进行剔除,有效减少了分类数和工作量.分析表明,本次提取精度达到97.6％,较好地反映了西双版纳橡胶种植分布情况,同时对国产卫星的推广应用具有良好的示范作用.     

葡萄果实转色过程中线粒体呼吸代谢变化

为明确线粒体呼吸代谢与果实成熟期间颜色形成的关系,本试验探究了3种葡萄果实(夏黑、巨峰和金手指)成熟期间颜色、总花色苷含量、呼吸强度、内源乙烯产生和线粒体呼吸代谢的变化规律。结果表明,夏黑和巨峰葡萄果实的果皮颜色指数(CIRG)值和总花色苷含量随着果实成熟呈上升趋势,而金手指葡萄果实CIRG值在整个成熟期间变化不显著;葡萄果实成熟期间呼吸强度和内源乙烯均呈先上升后下降趋势,在花后63d达到峰值。同时,葡萄果实成熟期间,线粒体膜通透性转换孔(MPTP)逐渐增加,线粒体膜流动性(MMF)持续下降;线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性随着成熟进程逐渐下降,而细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)活性在花后63d开始上升。表明盛花63d之后是果实色泽快速形成阶段,可能为葡萄果实色泽形成的关键时期。线粒体呼吸代谢增强促进了果实成熟期间呼吸强度增加和内源乙烯释放,从而使夏黑和巨峰果实中花色苷大量积累,加快了金手指葡萄果实叶绿素的降解和类胡萝素的合成。本研究结果为调控南方葡萄果实着色提供了理论依据。     

苹果杂交后代植株果实着色性状的遗传分析和预测

苹果着色问题是影响我国许多产区苹果质量的重要因素,本研究利用苹果着色相关基因MdMYB1（GenBank登录号：DQ886414）设计引物进行PCR扩增,开发出一个酶切位点为HaeⅢ的CAPS标记Mb2,该标记可用于区分杂交亲本‘富士’和‘嘎拉’苹果及分析其杂交后代植株。进一步利用Mb2标记对该杂交组合的后代植株进行遗传分析,结果表明,可将77个后代植株分为2组,一组42个后代植株含有来自‘嘎拉’亲本的非红色性状等位基因以及来自‘富士’亲本的非红色性状等位基因或者红色性状等位基因,其果实颜色预测为非红色与红色或者非红色与桔红色;另一组35个后代植株含有来自‘嘎拉’亲本的红色性状等位基因以及来自‘富士’亲本的非红色性状等位基因或者红色性状等位基因,其果实颜色预测为桔红色与红色或者只有红色。本研究结果将为选育优质苹果新品种提供依据和方法参考。     

Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat through leaf color measurements using a chlorophyll meter

A field trial was conducted over a 3-year period at the Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station to examine whether the grain protein content (GPC) of a winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chihokukomugi) suitable for Japanese noodle-making could be predicted before harvest. The prediction of the GPC was accurate based on the color of the second leaf (just below the flag leaf) at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence, when nitrogen application was graded. In order to evaluate the reliability of this test, a survey of 95 wheat fields in the eastern part of Hokkaido was also carried out during a 3-year period. The prediction of the GPC for this cultivar based on the color of the second leaf was less accurate across many sites. The results of this survey, however, suggested that the leaf color could be used as an index for ranking the GPC as low or high in relation to processing requirements. When the leaf color value of the second leaf measured with a chlorophyll meter at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence was less than 40, it was predicted that the GPC would be lower than the processing requirement. This index could be applied to the cultivars grown in the eastern part of Hokkaido, except for those grown on peat soils.     

猕猴桃果肉颜色相关色素代谢研究进展

猕猴桃含有独特的风味和丰富的营养价值,深受消费者的亲睐。猕猴桃果肉颜色各异,系统叙述了猕猴桃果肉颜色的种类、果肉颜色在发育过程中的变化、显微结构的变化、色素类物质的种类和变化、以及叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、和花色素苷代谢途径及其分子调控机理。提出了猕猴桃果肉颜色研究现阶段存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了展望。