增加投入实现引黄灌溉良性发展

引黄灌溉经济效益显著,但是灌区管理单位的财务收益却入不敷出。根据经济效益分析与水费收交情况,作者认为应加强水费回收,多方面集资以及深化水费改革等,以利于灌溉事业的良性发展。     

A postscript: Macroeconomics and structural adjustment — the minimum for water sector specialists

The need for a grasp of macroeconomic concepts and methods for microeconomists and technical specialists is stressed. At this juncture policy failure is commonplace. Experience in using the World Bank Structural Adjustment in Lowinca as a training exercise is discussed.     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

简析我国农用三轮车产业现状

对我国农用三轮车产业发展阶段及产业特征进行分析,用数据说明了该产业的市场分布状况;同时对农用三轮车消费人群的消费心理、消费习惯进行深入分析,最后指出国家政策法规对农用三轮车产业发展的制约和影响。     

河北省秸秆还田机械化的存在问题与发展对策

阐述了河北省秸秆还田机械化技术的现状，分析了秸秆还田机械化中存在的问题，并提出了发展对策。     

基于GPS和GSM短消息的农田信息采集系统

分析了通过GSM SMS传递信息的优点，研究了如何应用Siemens M20 GSM模块和Rockwell的Jupiter GPS OEM板进行移动模块单元的软件和硬件设计。针对当前农田信息(土壤水分等)采集、记录、处理等技术比较落后以及浪费大量人力物力的状况，设计了农田信息采集系统。本系统利用当前技术比较成熟的GSM蜂窝数字移动通信系统和GPS全球定位系统对农田信息进行采集和传送。     

农机成人教育的发展思路

本文结合作者长期基层工作的实践，提出了农机成人教育工作中存在的几项问题和发展思路，并在提高培训质量上进行了论述。     

一种新型模糊PID控制的变频恒压供水系统

提出了一种新型的变频恒压供水系统，在该系统中采用了模糊比例、积分、微分（模糊PID）控制，通过模糊控制器浮动迁移受控对象的设定值，并把迁移后的设定值引入到PID运算中，使系统既有模糊控制器的优点，又具有PID调节器的特点。     

驾驶员坐姿模型及坐姿舒适性模糊综合评价

依据驾驶员驾驶姿势的特殊性，建立了第5、第50、第95百分位的男女驾驶员杆状、平面、三维坐姿人体模型。综合考虑不同百分位人体模型的坐姿舒适性，建立了驾驶员坐姿舒适性二级模糊综合评价模型，并用实例进行了验证。     

试论丘陵地区灌溉机械化发展对策

本文通过四川省射洪县的事例，分析了丘陵地区机械灌溉在发展农业和农村经济中的地位和作用，以及目前存在的困难和问题，提出了发展对策建议。