空间诱变对大豆长花序短果枝性状的影响

对大豆品种沈农6号和沈农8号经实践八号育种卫星搭载宅间诱变的SP_1代和SP_2代的主要农艺性状进行研究.结果表明:沈农6号和沈农8号大部分变异株系主要农艺性状均表现明显的变异,既有正向变异也有负向变异,说明空间环境对供试大豆品种的农艺性状变异作用明显.结果表明:经空间诱变后大豆长花序长度、总荚数、总粒重都有所增加;大豆短果枝数与地面对照相比较虽然变化不大,但2个品种短果枝总荚数、总粒重都有所增加.说明经过空间诱变作用大豆长花序、短果枝性状发生了一定程度的变异.     

黑心金光菊花部形态变异研究

通过变异系数和聚类分析对黑心金光菊（Rudbeckia hirta L.）花部形态变异进行多样性分析,结果表明：（1）黑心金光菊花部形态性状具有较大程度的变异,其中舌状小花内侧颜色数、花序直径、舌状小花类型数、花心直径、舌状小花长、舌状小花宽、舌状小花长宽比、头状花序类型、舌状小花类型、舌状小花基部朝向（单瓣）、舌状小花边缘卷曲、舌状小花纵向姿态、内侧主要颜色、外侧与内侧颜色比较、分布位置、分布形式等不同性状在不同材料之间表现出了不同程度的多样性,而仅有舌状小花数、舌状小花内轮纵向姿态和次要颜色的变异系数较低。舌状小花龙骨数、舌状小花上表面质地、舌状小花花瓣最宽处横切面形状、舌状小花顶端形状无变异;（2）花部形态变异分析和R聚类分析均表明选取的性状之间变异的相对独立性;（3）通过Q聚类分析将所选变异植株分为A、B、C、D等4类。     

Phenotypic evaluation of floral and flowering traits with relevance for hybrid breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Hybrid breeding is a promising approach to increase the yield potential in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The profitability of wheat hybrids highly depends on a cost‐efficient system for hybrid seed production for which an adequate outcrossing in the male pool is of utmost importance. Employing a set of 51 elite winter wheat lines, we developed and evaluated phenotyping methods for floral and flowering traits with relevance for improved cross‐pollination. We observed significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for most traits, including important traits like pollen mass and anther extrusion. Our results suggest the utility of the developed phenotyping approaches for applied plant breeding and the potential of the traits to assist in the design of the male ideotype for increased cross‐fertilization.     

Genetic polymorphisms in Japanese fragrant landraces and novel fragrant allele domesticated in northern Japan

Rice fragrance is an important characteristic for Southeast Asian consumers, and fragrant landraces from Japan were first recorded in the 17th century. Principal component analysis clearly showed that Japanese fragrant landraces were genetically different from non-Japanese fragrant landraces. Japanese fragrant landraces were composed of six clades, none of which carried the most common fragrance mutation, an 8-bp deletion in exon 7 of Badh2. Fragrant landraces comprised two major groups carrying different Badh2 mutations. One group carried a known SNP at exon13 and the other a SNP at the exon1-intron1 junction as splicing donor site. The latter was considered to be a potential splicing mutant group as a novel allele at Badh2. Heterozygosity (He) scores in the two fragrant groups were not significantly different from non-fragrant landraces and modern cultivars. However, lower He scores were found around the Badh2 locus in the two groups. The potential splicing mutant group showed a more extended haplotype than the E13 SNP group. A likely causal factor responsible for loss of function is a novel splicing mutation allele that may have been generated quite recently. The fragrance allele has dispersed as a result of out-crossing under local environmental conditions.     

麝香百合花发育基因LLGLO1在花蕾中的时空表达

 为了获得百合花发育相关的B功能基因LLGLO1在调控百合花发育过程中的重要信息,以麝香百合（Lilium longiflorum）未开放的花蕾为试材,以LLGLO1基因的特异片段为探针,应用RNA原位杂交技术,对LLGLO1基因在花发育各个阶段的时空表达动态进行了研究。结果表明,LLGLO1基因在外轮花被、内轮花被、雄蕊和心皮等4轮花器官中均有表达,但表达强度随不同的发育阶段而变化。长度2.0和3.0 cm的花蕾中LLGLO1基因的表达量明显高于0.5和1.0 cm的花蕾,说明随着花器官的发育成熟,该基因在各轮花器官中的表达量逐渐增加。     

天然植物香料在肉制品中的抗氧化应用研究

天然植物香料的研究已成为目前国内外研究的热点问题。主要介绍了天然植物香料的抗氧化性及其在肉制品中的应用。     

5种竹子花粉萌发率及开花特性

竹类植物属禾本科竹亚科,由于其开花周期长,常常是几十年甚至在百年以上,因此竹类植物开花十分少见(周芳纯,1998),且开花后多数死亡,使得有关竹子开花结实、花粉萌发及贮藏等方面的研究进展迟缓.目前对竹子开花现象已有报导(张文燕等,1992;程有龙等,1995;杜凡等,2000;赖广辉,2001;何其江,2003),但有关竹类花粉形态观察和萌发等方面的研究仍很少,前人仅对13个竹种的花粉萌发做过研究(张文燕等,1989).     

蝴蝶兰花芽分化控制技术研究

探讨不同N、P、K配比、高山催花和空调房催花技术对蝴蝶兰花芽分化的影响,结果表明：蝴蝶兰进入花芽分化阶段应当逐渐减少氮肥,适当增加磷钾肥的施用量和施用比例。蝴蝶兰花芽分化阶段的施肥以含磷钾肥较高的N、P、K配比（10∶40∶20）、（10∶30∶20）、（10∶30∶40）的速效肥稀释2 000倍喷施,效果最好;蝴蝶兰高山催花的适宜条件是海拔800 m以上,而且兰株需健壮,4片叶以上,双叶距30 cm以上,根系粗壮,无病虫害,才能通过花芽分化;蝴蝶兰的空调房催花的适宜条件是兰株健壮,4片叶以上,双叶距20 cm以上,根系粗壮,无病虫害,白天温度25～28℃,夜间温度15～18℃,光照强度30 000～35 000 lx,低温处理时间约18 h·d^-1。     

Volatile metabolome and transcriptome reveal fragrance release rhythm and molecular mechanisms of Rosa yangii

Rose is a highly significant ornamental plant with substantial edible and medicinal value, cultivated worldwide primarily for perfume production. Recently, Rosa yangii, a new species found in northwestern Yunnan, China, has drawn attention due to its strong sweet scented flowers. In this study, the floral components of R. yangii were extracted at different flowering stages using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and analyzed through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 131 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected from R. yangii, including 69 odor compounds. The production and release of floral VOCs were the highest during the initial-open stage, making it the most suitable time for harvesting as a significant number of floral components were synthesized and preserved. The analysis of the odor activity values (OAV) highlighted several key aromatic ingredients of R. yangii, such as eugenol, methyleugenol, benzeneacetaldehyde and phenylethylalcohol, heptanal, decanal, (E)-2-hexen-1-yl acetate, caryophyllene, and others. Metabolome and time-order gene co-expression networks (TO-GCN) revealed that VOCs and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids, along with associated genes, played a pivotal role in the overall floral regulatory network of R. yangii. MYB and bHLH were identified as the essential regulatory factors governing the regulation of eugenol synthase (EGS) and isoeugenol synthase (IGS), consequently influencing the sweet scent of R. yangii. The findings of this study provide a scientific foundation for enhancing fragrance through molecular breeding of ornamental plants. Furthermore, the study facilitated the development and utilization of this new plant’s essential oil material in various industries, including food storage, aromatherapy, cosmetic, and perfumery.     

LA杂交系百合特征花香释放规律及关键基因研究

使用顶空固相微萃取（HS–SPME）-气相色谱-质谱（GC–MS）联用技术和实时荧光定量技术,分析LA杂交系百合（Lilium longiflorum × Asiatic hybrids）花香释放代谢途径的生物化学规律和遗传特征。对比LA系百合、麝香百合（Longiflorum hybrids）、亚洲百合（Asiatic hybrids）、OT系百合（Oriential hybrids × Trumpet hybrids）4个杂交系的5个品种挥发物释放差异;利用同源克隆从LA百合中克隆得到3个甲羟戊酸合成途径（MVA）中的关键基因。结果表明：5个百合品种花香成分释放存在显著差异,萜烯类化合物的释放规律与香气程度基本一致。LA百合‘爱神’在初开期花香释放达到顶峰,随后逐渐降低;花瓣的香味释放量最大。不同杂交系百合MVA途径合成酶基因（HMGR、MVD、FPS、TPS）的表达模式不同,关键基因的表达量影响最终产物的生成。在LA百合‘爱神’中克隆得到LlaTPS,在开花进程中,LlaTPS表达趋势与萜烯类化合物释放规律相似,表明其是控制萜烯类化合物挥发量的关键基因。LlaTPS cDNA全长1 799 bp,具开放阅读框1 764 bp,共编码587个氨基酸。系统进化树分析得出LlaTPS与同属百合‘Siberia’亲缘关系最近,属于TPSb亚家族。克隆得到合成倍半萜前提物质FPP的关键基因--法尼基焦磷酸合酶基因LlaFPPS,cDNA全长1 072 bp,开放阅读框1 056 bp,共编码351个氨基酸;其编码蛋白与单子叶植物FPPS蛋白亲缘关系较近。克隆得到焦磷酸甲羟戊酸脱羧酶（MVD）基因LlaMVD（KX034060）,cDNA全长1 439 bp,开放阅读框1 275 bp,共编码424个氨基酸;百合MVD与油棕（Elaeis guineensis）、短花药野生稻（Oryza brachyantha）等单子叶植物亲缘关系较近。