THE QUICK DETERMINATION METHOD OF RESIN CONTENT IN LARCH WOOD

The resin content in larch wood is usually determined by the traditionalBenzene-Alcohol Extract Method(BAEM).In order to meet the requirement of production prac-tice,the authors present two simple quick determination methods,IR lamp method and hydrogenperoxide solution method.Compared with the results of traditional method,the results of newmethods are nearly the same as former,therefore,both two methods can reflect the change condi-tion of resin content in wood.     

Infrared spectroscopic study of alkaline oxygen treatment of lignin with ATR technique in aqueous state 1: method for determining quantitative spectra of oxygen-degraded lignin

For the fundamental study of oxygen delignification of kraft pulp, structural changes of kraft lignin during alkaline oxygen treatment were investigated with the use of infrared measurement with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique. In the neutralized reaction mixture of alkaline oxygen-treated kraft lignin, there is a significant amount of NaCl, so that the spectral changes of water due to the coexistence of NaCl was investigated, and how to remove the huge absorption of NaCl solution is discussed. Sodium vanillate–NaCl solutions were employed as model solutions for the reaction mixture. Partial least square (PLS) regression was applied for the prediction of NaCl concentration, and the spectrum of NaCl solution was subtracted from the spectrum of sodium vanillate–NaCl solution as background measurement. This allowed us to obtain the vanillate spectra free from the absorption of NaCl solution. In addition, the mathematical method for reconstructing the spectrum of NaCl solution is discussed. The spectrum of NaCl solution is reconstructed as the linear combination of basic spectra calculated by singular value decomposition (SVD), and it was subtracted from that of the sodium vanillate–NaCl solution. By this procedure, the vanillate spectra were also obtained quantitatively, as has been demonstrated in PLS regression study. It was also confirmed that the quantitative spectra of high molecular weight fraction of alkaline oxygen-treated kraft lignin were obtained by the use of this reconstruction technique.Parts of this report were presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, Japan, April 2002 and the 12th International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry, Madison, USA, June 2003     

醋酸水溶液处理对杉树材影响

为了研究醋酸水溶液处理给杉树材重量带来的变化,使用醋酸水溶液对杉树材进行了处理。结果发现处理后杉树材重量的减小量大约等于抽出物的重量,而且随着醋酸水溶液浓度的增加而增加。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对处理后的杉树材及抽出物进行了光谱分析。从处理后杉树材的光谱图可以观察到3400cm-1附近的OH伸缩振动及1510cm-1附近的木质素中苯环C=C伸缩振动的吸收强度有增加倾向。从醋酸水溶液抽出物光谱图可以发现用浓度30%醋酸水溶液处理时木质素被溶出。图2表2参6。     

要统筹解决西北和华北地区干旱缺水问题

针对某些学者“西北不缺水” ,南水北调主要解决华北地区水资源短缺的观点 ,分析了我国水资源与人口、耕地、矿产资源分布的不协调 ,气候变暖将使北方干旱持续到 2 0 15年 ,西北地区比华北地区更干旱缺水 ,西部生态环境建设和开发亟需调水 ,提出南水北调是合理配置水资源、保持社会稳定的需要 ,大西线调水是统筹解决北方干旱缺水的必由之路 ,并提出西南地区水电开发应与大西线调水同步进行     

电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响

为了研究采用电场手段改良杉木的可行性,将一定含水率的杉木板材置于不同的电场强度(极板间电势差)中,并在杉木板材上部稳定地保持一定量的氯化钠溶液,5 h后,测试板材不同高度(厚度)部位的含水率和钠离子含量,并与未在电场中渗透的杉木的对应值比较分析,研究电场强度对氯化钠溶液在杉木中渗透能力的影响,结果表明:①定向电场的存在,能促进氯化钠溶液在杉木中的渗透;②在本试验范围内,随着电场强度的增加,氯化钠溶液中水分和钠离子在杉木中、下部渗透量增加,并使各渗透层面的含水率均匀性提高.     

南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液在草莓保鲜中的应用

草莓在采收和贮运中易受损伤和病原微生物侵染而腐烂变质,影响其商品价值。为研究南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液对草莓保鲜效果的影响,以南五味子为材料,采用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取其木脂素。以抑菌圈直径为指标,南五味子木脂素对3种供试菌的抑菌效果从强到弱为大肠埃希氏菌>沙门氏菌>金黄色葡萄球菌。考察南五味子木脂素、叶绿素铜钠、魔芋葡甘聚糖、氯化钙4个组分对草莓失重率、可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量的影响。在单因素实验基础上进行响应面优化实验,得到南五味子木脂素复合涂膜液的最优配方为0.32%木脂素+0.0021%叶绿素铜钠+0.27%魔芋葡甘聚糖+1.0%氯化钙,将制备的复合涂膜液应用于草莓贮藏实验,使用复合涂膜液的草莓的失重率下降73.86%,可溶性固形物含量提高67.55%,Vc含量提高21.80%,与对照组相比保鲜效果显著提高,可以作为草莓保鲜的技术参考。     

发酵鸡粪养鱼试验

用充氧动态发酵机加工鸡粪，并将这种发酵鸡粪添加到饲料中，进行池塘和网箱养鱼试验，均取得良好效果。     

广西岩溶塌陷区生态恢复的初步研究

分析了广西岩溶塌陷区土地的特点和加强岩溶塌陷区土地复垦的必要性,对其生态恢复,提出了相应的对策。     

贵州省土地整治工程预算存在问题及建议

为了更好地执行《土地开发整理预算定额标准》(2012年),进一步规范土地整治工程项目的预算编制,采用典型项目调研和预算书审核等方法,对贵州省土地整治工程项目的预算要点和预算中存在的问题进行了探讨,指出当前土地整治工程预算执行《土地开发整理预算定额标准》(2012年版)中存在工程规划或设计的不准确性、材料预算价格不贴合实际等4个方面的问题,并从客观、科学、合理地制定工程设计方案,限制材料预算单价并完善其中科目等5个方面提出规范贵州省土地整治项目预算的建议,对贵州省土地整治项目预算资金的审核和管理具有重要意义。     

小麦对缺铁胁迫的适应性反应

采用溶液培养法,比较正常供铁和缺铁胁迫下小麦的生理生化指标,同时设置加氧和不加氧2个处理。结果表明,完全营养液加氧处理的小麦株高和穗长最大,达到51.0cm和7.5cm。缺铁处理降低了小麦的籽粒长、籽粒宽、籽粒厚和穗粒数。正常供铁条件下,小麦植株叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总含量显著高于不供铁的小麦。加氧处理的小麦叶绿素含量高于无氧处理的小麦。根际Fe3+还原酶活性在缺铁胁迫条件下达到17.3μmol·g-1·(2h)-1。缺铁处理降低了小麦植株地上部的铁素含量,并且在加氧条件下更明显。Mn、Cu这两种元素和Fe元素之间存在某种拮抗关系。