Biochemical composition of pond-reared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) broodstock

The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.     

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.     

Effects of ascorbic acid enrichment by immersion of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) eggs and embryos

This study was conducted to examine the effects of different forms and concentrations of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and different enrichment times (24 and 48 h post ovulation) on egg, embryo and alevin ascorbate concentrations and survival of rainbow trout (enrichment was at the ova stage). In experiments 1 and 2, fertilized eggs were immersed in water containing ascorbate at 0 (control), 100, 1000 mg L^?1 l ‐ascorbic acid (AA) and 2000 mg L^?1 l ‐ascorbyl monophosphate (AP). In experiment 3, 0 (control), 500 and 1000 mg L^?1 AA neutralized (N) with NaOH, 1000 mg L^?1 AA non‐neutralized (NN), 1000 and 2000 mg L^?1 AP immersions were used. The mean total ascorbic acid (TAA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) concentrations were measured before fertilization, at 3 and 24 h after fertilization, at the eyed stage, and in hatched alevins. We observed significant differences in TAA concentration at different immersion levels at 3 and 24 h after fertilization. Survival decreased significantly depending on the level of vitamin C, pH of the solutions and immersion time. We suggest that when broodstock rainbow trout do not have enough vitamin C in their ovaries, immersion of eggs in 1000 mg L^?1 of neutralized AA may be useful.     

凡纳滨对虾下脚料生产甲壳素过程中盐酸的循环利用

为减少甲壳素生产过程中废酸液对环境的污染,降低甲壳素的生产成本,试验以甲壳素生产过程中的废盐酸为研究对象,利用硫酸和氯化钙反应进行回收、循环利用盐酸溶液,通过单因素试验和正交试验对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,脱钙废盐酸溶液最佳再生条件:反应温度为室温,硫酸质量分数为98%,硫酸与废盐酸中钙离子的摩尔比为2.3∶1,反应时间13 min,静置时间3.5 h,最佳条件下盐酸再生率为91.51%。利用最佳工艺条件对废盐酸进行再生处理,盐酸可循环重复利用5次,脱钙虾壳的碳酸钙残留量≤1.2%。     

Analysis of Phytosterol,Fatty Acid,and Carotenoid Composition of 19 Microalgae and 6 Bivalve Species

ABSTRACT

In this study, the functional components of 19 microalgae and 6 bivalve species were investigated in the context of the application in bivalve feeding and human health food. Principal component analysis was performed to detect any association between the functional components and individual microalgal species or taxonomic group. The proportions of the functional components differed depending on the taxonomic group or species of microalga. The genera Cheatoceros, Thalassiosira, and Isochrysis contained high concentrations of fucosterol and fucoxanthin, which are present in large amounts in brown algae. Diatoms, haptophytes, and eustigmatophytes, which are used as feed for bivalves, were rich in fucosterol and eicosapentenoic acid (EPA); further, haptophytes were rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, the microalgae associated with red tide, i.e., the raphidophytes, were found to be rich in fucoxanthin, β-sitosterol, and EPA, whereas dinoflagellates were rich in DHA. Seven bivalve species also contained high concentrations of fucosterol, EPA, and DHA, as did microalgae, which were used to feed by bivalves. These results are useful in selecting microalgae effectively as feed of the bivalves.     

不同培养条件对微藻总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的影响

微藻细胞中脂类的数量及质量是评价其营养价值的重要指标。大量研究表明,改变培养条件及在不同的时期收获对微藻的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组成有着显著影响。本文主要从培养基成分、光强、温度、通气量和生长期5个方面综述了相关的研究成果,希望能为海洋微藻的研究和开发利用提供有价值的参考。     

一株副溶血弧菌噬菌体的分离与鉴定

分离到2株副溶血弧菌噬菌体,筛选出其中具有强裂解性的1株.该噬菌体的噬菌斑中心清亮,边缘有晕环.12 h观察,噬菌斑直径约3 mm,效价为1011pfu/ml.该噬菌体的核酸为线型双链DNA,大小约4 kb.电镜观察显示,头部为正二十面体,直径约110 nm,有尾,尾长约270 nm,底部有3个刺突.按国际病毒分类委员会第五次报告的分类标准,该噬菌体具肌尾噬菌体科的特征,与其他副溶血弧菌噬菌体比较显示,该噬菌体可能是一种新型的副溶血弧菌噬菌体.