集中排水甘蔗地酸性硫酸盐土壤酸化的减缓

Recent research results suggest that acidification of acid sulfate soils may be inhibited in well-drained estuarine floodplains in eastern Australia by the absence of natural creek levees,The lack of natural levees has allowed the inuudation of the land by regular tidal flooding prior to the construction of flood mitigation work.Such physiographical conditions prevent the development of pre-draingae pyrite-derived soil acidifica-tion that possibly occurred at many levee-protected sites in eastern Australian estuarine floodplains during extremely dry spells.Pre-drainage acidification is considered as an important condition for accumulation of soluble Fe and consequently,the creation of favourable environments for catalysed pyrite oxidation.Under current intensively drained onditions,the acid materials produced by ongoing pyrite oxidation can be rapidly removed from soil pore water by lateral leaching and acid buffering,resulting in low concentrations of soluble Fe in the pyritic layer,which could reduce the rate of pyrite oxidation.     

水杨酸提高甘草种子萌发和幼苗生长对盐胁迫耐性的效应

The present study investigated the effects of salicylic acid treatments on morphology, physiological and biochemical parameters and their relationship to salt stress of G. uralensis Fisch seeds and seedlings. Under the salt stress of 200 mmol L^-1 NaCl, the application of 0.5 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid on G. uralensis Fisch seeds could significantly promote the elongation of radicle, increase fresh weight of seedlings, reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in the radicle, and improve the activity of peroxidase (POD). Under the salt stress (i.e. 100 mmol L ^-1 and 200 mmol L^-1 NaCl), the application of 0.5 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid on G. uralensis Fisch seedling could reduce MDA and proline content, and increase the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in different degrees. Under salt stress condition, the application of salicylic acid could increase the root glycyrrhizinic acid content. In summary, the application of salicylic acid could improve the tolerance to salt stress by alleviating the inhibition of salt stress on the germination of seeds, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation.     

Studies on the Oxidation of Weathered Coal with Nitric Acid

A raseach has been done on the possibility of producing nitriochumic acid fromweathered coal of Nantong,Sichuan,oxidised by nithic acid.The optimun reacting conditions,whichare found through the way of orthogonal experiment,are suggested as follows:concentration ofHON3 35%,rate of HON3 to coal 3.5,reacting take 15 min,and reaction temperature 369 K. Thecomposition of product is Wf 2. 91 %;Ag 14.06%;HAg 78.28%;Ng 1.62%.     

杂交稻和常规稻生育后期追施N03-N和NH4-N的生理效应

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Lignite pre-treatment and its effect on bio-stimulative properties of respective lignite humic acids

Humic acids originating from South-Moravian lignite were subjected to a comparative study with the aim to assess the alteration of their physico-chemical properties after various lignite pre-treatments. Physical modification was achieved with two organic acids, such as acetic acid and citric acid and chemical modification by nitric acid and hydrogene peroxide in various concentrations. Elemental analysis, solid-state NMR, GC–MS analysis of polyols and size exclusion chromatography were carried out for chemical–physical characterization of obtained humic acids. Their biological effect, in form of potassium and ammonium humates, was tested on maize (Zea mays) seedlings. In these tests, potassium humates achieved far better overall results than ammonium humates. Results were inter-correlated in order to appraise the influence of humic acids physical and chemical properties on biological activity. Surprisingly, fractions with the lowest molecular size (0–35 kDa) showed no correlation with bioactivity results (Pearson coefficient from 0.05 to −0.4). On the contrary, middle-sized fractions (35–175 kDa) showed highly significant positive correlation (Pearson coefficient up to 0.92) and the highest molecular-size-fractions (275–350 kDa) showed negative correlation (Pearson coefficient up to −0.75). These findings were identical for both potassium and ammonium humates. No connection was found between bioactivity of humates and polyols content which was remarkably high; it reached 150 mg per g of humic acids in the most extreme case of 5% hydrogene peroxide pre-treatment. In the final analysis, the preparation mode bore pivotal responsibility for the control of humic acids biological effect and showed the best results for potassium humates obtained from lignite pre-treated by acetic acid and by 2% hydrogen peroxide.     

植物单宁酸交联明胶的条件优化及性质分析

该文用单宁酸作交联剂对明胶进行交联改性,通过响应面法优化反应条件并建立回归模型,并对交联前后的明胶进行十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、紫外光谱和黏度等3方面的分析测定,确认单宁酸交联对明胶所产生的交联作用,开发新食品配料交联明胶。结果显示:适宜的交联反应条件为反应温度47.5℃,时间50h,单宁酸添加量80mg/g明胶。性质分析表明,与原料明胶相比交联明胶一些性质发生变化,紫外光谱分析发现交联明胶在276nm出现新吸收峰,表明交联明胶分子中存在苯环;电泳后交联明胶的蛋白质条带色泽明显变浅,且交联度越大条带色泽越浅,此外,交联明胶溶液的黏度明显增大,说明单宁酸交联处理使交联明胶中有更多的大分子物质生成。     

Cadmium‐induced changes in glutathione and phenolics of Thlaspi and Noccaea species differing in Cd accumulation

Glutathione (GSH) and phenolics play an important role in plant defense against metal‐ion toxicity. The antioxidant activity and metal‐binding capacity of these compounds can account for the protective effects. In contrast to animal‐cell models, however, the possible interplay among these substances in stress defense of plants is poorly investigated. This study compares the influence of cadmium (Cd) on the profiles of both soluble phenolics and GSH in shoots of different Thlaspi and Noccaea species: two ecotypes of the nonhyperaccumulator T. arvense differing in Cd resistance (ecotype Aigues Vives, Cd‐sensitive, and ecotype Jena, Cd‐resistant) and two Cd‐tolerant Cd‐Zn hyperaccumulators N. praecox and N. caerulescens (formerly Thlaspi praecox and T. caerulescens). To reveal the possible influence of Cd‐induced sulfur (S) shortage on the stress response, plants receiving normal S concentrations (500 μM MgSO₄) and plants treated with surplus S (500 μM MgSO₄ + 500 μM K₂SO₄) were analyzed. Our working hypothesis was that species differences in tolerance to high tissue Cd concentrations should be reflected by differences in endogenous levels of GSH and phenolic compounds. The results reveal clear species‐dependent differences in both the constitutive patterns and the Cd‐ and S‐induced changes in shoot concentrations of GSH and phenolics. However, no simple relationship between these shoot concentrations and Cd accumulation and tolerance can be established.     

Changes in fatty acid composition with age and environment in different types of peat profiles in Japan

Fatty acid composition of the crude lipid fraction of peat was investigated using several typical peat profiles in Japan. Fatty acid composition varied with the peat layers accumulated in a peat profile since 32,000 years BP. Deposition of long-range transported volcanic ash tephras also affected the composition remarkably due to the acceleration of decomposition. Fatty acid composition differed among high moor, transitional moor, and low moor peat profiles sampled in several locations in Hokkaido, Japan. The difference in the plants involved in the formation of peat was considered to be a very important factor determining the fatty acid composition. For example, arachidic acid was considered to be a good indicator for the presence of reed, while the percentage of stearic acid tended to be high in the high moor peat profiles dominated by sphagnum. As the fatty acids with a longer chain length were more stable than those with a shorter chain length, the percentage of longer fatty acids (C24 and C26) tended to increase and that of shorter fatty acids (CI4 and CI6) to decrease in the lower peat profiles. The drying of peatland also exerted a similar effect on the fatty acid composition.     

Protein Content of Shiitake Mushroom Grown on Nitrogen Soaked Sweetgum Logs

Shiitake mushrooms are used as a source of protein and meaty flavor in many vegetarian diets. While substrate and geographical location are two factors affecting nutrient content, little research has been done on the nutrient content of shiitake grown in north Alabama. The purpose of this study was to compare the protein and amino acid contents of the ‘West Wind’ strain of shiitake mushrooms grown on sweetgum logs soaked in tap water, versus the protein and amino acid content of the same strain grown on logs soaked in tap water amended with different nitrogen (N) solutions (urea, sulfur-coated urea, and ammonium sulfate), at different rates (0, 3, and 6 g N/L water), and harvested from three successive soakings. Chemical analysis was conducted on samples for protein and amino acids. Analysis of variance showed there was no significant difference in the protein content of shiitake grown on sweetgum logs based on type of nitrogen treatment, rate, or soak period. However, urea showed indications that it may increase protein levels. There was no significant difference in amino acid content based on treatment or rate. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend showing mushrooms from logs soaked at a rate of 3 g N/L water had the highest levels of each amino acid. There were significantly lower levels of amino acids in mushrooms harvested during the summer months. Nitrogen soak solutions did not increase protein or amino acid content, but protein and amino acid contents of shiitake in north Alabama are better understood.     

DETERMINATION OF OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER TOXIC EFFECTS ON THREE MINT SPECIES GROWN IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE

The effects of two olive mill wastewater (OMW) dilutions upon physiological function and metabolic components of three mint species grown in hydroponic culture were studied. Visible symptoms, chlorosis and stunted growth, were pronounced in peppermint and spearmint; toxicity symptoms in menthe douce were few. Peppermint and spearmint displayed loss of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K); menthe douce revealed accumulation of Ca, sodium (Na), and iron (Fe), under OMW. The loss of Ca negatively affected the development and stability of cell wall and membrane; the Mg deficiency negatively affected the photosynthetic apparatus and carbon fixation. Fv′/ Fm′ was slightly affected under OMW, whereas, Φ_PSII, q _P and Rfd displayed significant reductions. No clear effect of OMW on phenols and carbohydrates among the species were found. Ascorbic acid content in peppermint dropped dramatically; the reduction was lower for spearmint and menthe douce. The OMW resistant species, menthe douce, developed a mechanism to control the physiological and the biochemical status.