转BADH基因山苜3号(SLM07)紫花苜蓿新品种选育

通过农杆菌介导法将BADH基因成功导人中苜1号紫花苜蓿基因组中,以生长习性、花色、生物量、抗逆性等性状特征为选育目标,选育出了符合既定目标的耐盐苜蓿,定名为山苜3号(SLM07)(Medicago sativa L.cv.Shanmu No.3).通过品比试验、区域试验和生产试验表明,在不同含盐量地区其产草量明显高于中苜1号,生产试验的干草增产率为16.22%～21.52%,为我国耐盐牧草生产提供了新的种质资源.     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数.结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0...     

猪群抗应激的营养解决方案综述

应激是动物机体在多种环境、生理和心理等因素的刺激下,出现的生理与心理等全身性的非特异性的适应性反应.随着我国生猪养殖业规模化和集约化程度的提高,养猪生产者都追求以有限的养殖空间来生产更多的猪只,这导致了养殖密度的增加、猪群应激发生的概率不断上升.应激导致的危害日益突出,成为了阻碍猪只健康生长的重要的因素之一.本文回顾了...     

农业执法案件中未知粉末的分析研究

对农业执法案件中缴获的未知粉末进行分析研究。应用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC-TOF-HRMS）获得未知物分子离子峰的精确质量数、天然同位素信息,二级特征碎片的精确质荷比,并应用SCIEX PeakView及MasterView软件进行分析。经过靶向及非靶向筛查,同时参考文献报道,推导出未知粉末中的疑似化合物。采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器（HPLC-PDA）法及UPLC-TOF-HRMS法进行了双重确证。结果显示该未知粉末中含克仑特罗（16 g?kg-1）及其合成前体克仑特罗杂质B（455 g?kg-1）。本文详述的分析技术可为未知添加物的筛查和确证提供思路和技术参考。     

Significance of two different ranking methods for studying fish fauna: a case study on the fish fauna from upper and middle portions from Mekong River

Studies on fish fauna should not only focus on fish composition and the comparison of fish composition among the study region and adjacent regions, but should also explore the origin and uniqueness of different taxa as well as the substitution of genera and species. In this study, the value of floristic presence method was modified and renamed the value of fish fauna presence (VFFP) method. The specific steps of the VFFP method and the traditional fish fauna analysis (TFFA) method were refined and standardized. Then, the VFFP and TFFA methods were applied to study the fish fauna of the upper and middle portions of the Mekong River basin. The results indicate that the TFFA method reflects the families (subfamilies) and genera that constitute the main body of fish in the studied river basin. The results of the VFFP method show which families (subfamilies) and genera are representative for the basin. Therefore, combining the TFFA and VFFP methods to analyze the composition of fish fauna can reflect the characteristics of fish fauna from different perspectives. The case study shows that the fish fauna of the Mekong River is a part of the fish fauna of Southeast Asia. Although it shows some similarities to the composition of South Asian fish fauna, it does not belong to the South Asian fish fauna as a whole, and is essentially different from the East Asian fish fauna. This study provides an objective, quantitative, and verifiable method for studying fish fauna.     

Current knowledge about the processes of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids

Camelids have many unique reproductive features that considerably differ from those of other domestic species. Females are induced ovulators with subsequent development of a corpus luteum (CL) with a short lifespan. Plasma progesterone concentration starts to increase on day 4, peaks on day 8–9 and, in non-pregnant animals, basal concentration is reached around day 10–11 post-induction of ovulation. Luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) are firstly detected on day 7 or 8 (approximately on day 5–6 after ovulation), with maximal luteolytic peaks observed between days 9 and 11 post-mating, in coincidence with a high endometrial expression of cyclooxygenase 2, a limiting enzyme in prostaglandins synthesis. Unlike other species, oxytocin seems not to be involved in the luteolytic process in these species. The CL is the main source of progesterone secretion, and its function is required to support pregnancy. Despite constant research efforts, aspects of reproduction and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids remain not fully understood. A transient decrease and subsequent recovery in plasma progesterone concentration are observed after day 9 post-mating in pregnant animals in association with a pulsatile release of PGF_2α and a transitory decrease in CL vascularization. Thus, embryo recognition should occur between days 8 and 12 post-mating. In camels, conceptus tissues exhibit aromatizing activity with the capacity to synthesize large amounts of oestradiol. Similarly, llama blastocysts secrete oestradiol-17β during the preimplantation stage, with a higher production during the elongation period. An increase in the endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor α is also observed on day 12 post-mating. All these evidences suggest that oestrogen could be the signal released by the embryo at the time of its recognition in camelids. Besides, nearly 98% of pregnancies are carried out in the left horn. A decrease in the endometrial expression of mucin 1 and 16 genes has been reported, suggesting that these changes are crucial for successful embryo implantation; however, no differences have been observed between horns. Thus, maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids is a particularly complex process that must occur in a concise time to allow the rescue of the CL and embryo survival.     

检测实验动物弓形虫感染的两种PCR方法的建立和比较

为了建立敏感、稳定、特异的PCR检测体系，用于实验动物弓形虫感染的检测。采用B1基因设计引物，建立常规PCR，用P30基因设计引物，建立巢式PCR；用两种PCR方法检测实验感染弓形虫小鼠血液和腹腔波中的DNA动态变化；用巢式PCR检测自然状态下的普通级豚鼠、教学和科研用兔的弓形虫感染率，并和常规PCR检到结果比较。结果，巢式PCR可检测到1fgDNA含量，比常规PCR敏感lOO倍；对其他微生物DNA无交叉现象，特异性强；对同一样品重复检测3次，阴、阳性结果一致，稳定性好。小鼠感染弓形虫2d后，巢式PCR对小民腹腔液的阳性检出率为83．3％，对血液的阳性检出率为33．3％；感染3d后，腹腔液阳性检出率为100％；而常规PCR在小鼠感染3d和4d后才能在腹腔液和血液中检测到，检出率各为16．7％。受检普通级豚鼠没有感染弓形虫，教学和科研用兔的弓形虫总感染率为14．3％。结论认为，巢式PCR方法可用于实验动物弓形虫早期感染的检测，具有敏感性高、特务性强、稳定性好的特点。     

Including an additional systematic environmental effect within a generation in an evaluation model improves accuracy of prediction of breeding values in a closed herd of pigs

The present study evaluated the advantage of mixed‐model techniques over a selection index under different magnitudes of an additional systematic environmental effect (ASEE) in terms of accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain. The data attempted to simulate a closed herd in a pig breeding program. The base population (G₀) consisted of 10 males and 50 females. Six generations (G₀ to G₅) were selected by using a selection index of three traits without overlapping. Additional systematic environmental constants with four levels in a generation were assigned from a uniform distribution at different ranges. Breeding values of animals in the last generation (G₅) were estimated on the basis of an index of individual phenotype (SI‐U), SI‐U adjusted for ASEE using a least‐squares mean (SI‐A), best linear unbiased prediction using an animal model excluding ASEE (AM‐E), and an animal model including ASEE (AM‐I). Accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain were larger by the animal model than by the selection index, even if heritability of the traits selected was high and ASEE was set to zero. When ASEE was zero, the accuracy of prediction and expected genetic gain given by SI‐U and AM‐I were similar to those given by SI‐A and AM‐E, respectively. However, the differences in accuracy and expected gain between SI‐U and AI‐A and between AM‐I and AM‐E increased as the range of ASEE increased. It was concluded that selection based on an animal model was more effective than index selection, even if the herd environment was uniform and traits with high heritability were selected, and that it should be always included in an evaluation model, however slight any systematic environmental effect may be in a closed herd.     

苜蓿种带真菌及其致病性测定

对来自我国新疆,内蒙古,吉林,陕西,甘肃,宁夏,山东,黑龙江,山西,河北和江苏等１１个省（自治区）苜蓿产区的３０个审定登记品种的３８个苜蓿种子样品进行了系统的种带真菌检测研究;测定了２１种２５个真菌分离物对苜蓿幼苗根组织的入侵性及１９种真菌对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。     

贵阳市高尔夫俱乐部草坪基地建植与管理

通过贵阳市高尔夫球场草皮基地的建植和养护管理 ,从中总结了过渡气候带建植草坪应注意的一些问题。根据所建草坪的功能 ,选择相适应的草种应用于高尔夫球场。并对其适应性进行了研究