Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

甜瓜结实花初花节位QTL分析

 以WI998为母本（纯雌株、厚皮网纹甜瓜品系）,TopMark为父本（雄全同株纯合品系）,配置杂交组合,利用单粒传得到171个株系的重组自交系（F₂S₄）群体构建甜瓜SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱。该连锁图谱包含19个连锁群,覆盖基因组长度为1 414.2 cM,标记间平均距离为10.2 cM。对结实花初花节位开展QTL分析,共检测到9个QTL,分别分布在第1、9、10、11连锁群上,各QTL的LOD值在2.89 ~ 9.42之间,4个QTL贡献率超过10%。位于第9连锁群的QTL Fp9.4贡献率最大,为18.57%（2010秋季LOD = 9.17）;位于第9连锁群的Fp9.3（2010春季8.64%,LOD = 6.44;2010秋季17.99%,LOD = 9.42）,位于第10连锁群的Fp10.1（2010春季3.59%,LOD = 2.89;2010秋季6.20%,LOD = 3.43）在两季的位置都很稳定。获得与结实花初花节位紧密连锁（< 10 cM）的8个特异标记（SSR01737、MU141991、TJ105、GCM206、SSR04910、MU173563、NR52、MU146331）,为进一步开展QTL精细定位提供参考。     

亚麻籽胶对面团流变性质的影响及其在面条加工中的应用

该文重点研究了添加亚麻籽胶对面粉的粉质特性、面团的流变性质以及面条品质的影响。粉质特性的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面团的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度降低,使面团的稳定性更好。动态流变性质和超微结构的显微观察表明,添加亚麻籽胶后,亚麻籽胶的网络结构加固了面筋蛋白的网络结构,因而面团的稳定时间和粘弹性均能提高。质构分析的结果表明,添加亚麻籽胶使面条烹煮后的硬度和咀嚼度提高,并具有较好的弹性和拉伸性能,面条的烹煮损失和面汤浊度降低,因而亚麻籽胶可用于面制品中以改善其食用品质。     

松华坝水源地不同植被土壤特性及水源涵养功能

根据松华坝水源地的实际情况,按不同植被类型选择了次生林地、人工林地、园地、耕地四种类型,共挖取36个典型剖面进行采样调查,分别对其进行土壤物理性质、有机质和贮水特性的测定。结果表明,次生林地的水源涵养功能最好,人工林地的最差;次生林转变为人工林、园地的植被变化过程是流域内水源涵养功能恶化的主因。     

Suppression of Botryosphaeria canker of apple by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Stem brown canker or Botryosphaeria canker disease impairs the growth and kills the shoots, limbs and even trunks of infected apple trees. Apple roots are usually colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which may have a positive influence on plant growth and suppression of diseases. In order to assess the efficacy of AM to suppress the disease severity and plant growth enhancement, nine AMF inoculation treatments (Sclerocystis dussi, Glomus intraradices, G. fasciculatum, G. bagyaraji, G. leptotichum, G. monosporum, Gigaspora margarita, a mixed AM culture and a non-mycorrhizal control treatment) were used in this present study. Two-year-old potted apple plants, maintained under glasshouse conditions, were either pre-inoculated with AMF followed by stem inoculation with Botryosphaeria ribis or simultaneously inoculated with Botryosphaeria ribis and AM. The results indicated that the incidence of canker was less severe in plants inoculated with AMF in comparison to non-mycorrhizal control. Timing of inoculation also had a significant effect on disease development and plant survival. Plants pre-inoculated with mycorrhiza performed better over those inoculated simultaneously with Botryosphaeria ribis and AM fungi. Furthermore, AM inoculation resulted in improved survival and growth of AMF-colonized plants; though, it varied by species of AM fungi utilized.     

黄土高原水保措施减水减沙效益评价系统

在对黄土高原不同区域性主要水文站40多年观测资料基础上,结合黄土高原多沙区不同水文年型与不同水保措施治理下水土流失的观测结果,建立了不同降雨条件下单项水土保持措施的减水减沙效益指标预测模型以及不同治理措施配置下减沙效益预测模型.并运用现代信息技术,构建了黄土高原水土保持措施减水减沙效益评价系统.该评价系统可实现对不同水文年型条件下主要水保措施的减水减沙效益进行定量评价,为黄土高原的水土保持和生态环境建设提供科学依据和决策支持.     

黄土高原地区淤地坝拦沙分析方法研究进展

淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土流失治理中行之有效的沟道治理措施,其通过滞洪拦泥淤地的方式在减沙减蚀方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着流域生态保护的日趋科学合理,有必要对淤地坝在不同阶段的拦沙量进行定量准确分析,以评估其在水土流失治理中真实具体的效益,为黄河流域高质量发展的精准施策提供参考依据。通过查阅国内外淤地坝相关研究,结合野外调查采样、室内上机测试以及后续相关研究经验,系统总结归纳当前淤地坝拦沙量分析的实地调查、地形测绘法、数理归因法、成因分析法、权重系数法、模型模拟法和指纹识别技术7种方法,阐述各方法原理、步骤、适用性、需要解决的问题等,并对未来淤地坝拦沙量分析进行展望,以期能为进一步精准定量分析淤地坝拦沙量提供参考。     

水稻矮缩病毒基因组及毒粒三维结构的研究进展

水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)为双层壳、二十面体的双链RNA病毒,是水稻的重要病原物之一.文中比较了RDV中国福建分离物与日本分离物基因组各片段核苷酸序列的相似性,发现RDV两个不同分离物基因组相应片段的相似性均在92%以上,最高可达96%;分析了相应基因组片段编码的结构蛋白P1、P2、P3、P5、P7、P8及以前一直被认为是非结构蛋白的P9和非结构蛋白Pns4、Pns6、Pns10 、Pns11和Pns12在RDV复制、组装过程中的功能;回顾了RDV粒子三维结构的研究概况,对RDV粒子内、外层衣壳的晶体学结构作了较详细的描述;简要介绍了RDV复制与组装的机制,发现核心蛋白与dsRNA间相互作用成为一个单元是病毒RNA的分拣及包装到病毒粒子核心内的可能机制.同时,指出基于PDR的植物抗病毒基因工程在水稻矮缩病毒防治上的可能性.     

不同生态棉区棉花单铃重构成因子的特征

为了解棉花单铃重及与其构成因子间在数量上的变化规律, 阐明新疆棉花单铃重较高的内部原因, 以不同生态棉区选育的棉花品种为试验材料, 分别在新疆库尔勒、石河子和河北南宫市3地种植,分期播种, 并在不同生育期对相应部位棉铃挂牌标记, 吐絮收获后, 对所标记棉铃统一考种, 测定单铃重及短绒重、每粒种子着生纤维根数等构成因子。结果表明,棉花单铃重以南疆棉区最高,除短绒重和每粒种子着生纤维重在北疆棉区略高外, 其他铃重构成因子均以南疆棉区最高, 河北棉区最低。单铃重、单铃纤维重、每粒种子着生纤维总重及每粒种子着生纤维重均与其相应的构成因子显著正相关。除衣分和单铃种子数表现为北疆自育早熟品种略高于内地引进早中熟品种外, 单铃重及其他单铃重构成因子均表现为内地引进早中熟品种高于北疆自育早熟品种。单铃重构成因子均以新疆2个棉区较高, 除生态因素影响外, 这是新疆棉区, 特别是南疆棉区单铃重较高的主要内部因素。     

The quality of service provided by the irrigation department to the users associations, Tunuyan System, Mendoza, Argentina

The quality of service provided by the provincial Irrigation Department (DGI) to the Water Users Associations (UA), and subsequently by the UA's to the related water users, is based on the provincial water law. The intended volume of water being delivered per considered period further depends on the water availability and on the (crop irrigation) water requirements. The Service Level (SL) compares the intended water supply with the water supply that would be required to supply the entire irrigable area with sufficient water. As soon as the intended water delivery pattern is set, the measured actual delivery can be assessed against the intention. Several performance indicators are used in this context. Based on the assessment of the Water Delivery Performance Ratio and the Overall Consumed Ratio recommendations are made on changes which can be made to improve water use and reduce problems of waterlogging.