41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂防治茶园杂草的药效试验

进行41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂防治茶园杂草的药效试验,结果表明：41％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂可以有效防除茶园杂草,且对茶树安全,杀草谱广.建议每667 m2用药量以50～90 g a.i.为宜,既能保证药效,又能保障茶叶品质.     

Study on Secretory Expression and Immunogenicity of PPRV F Gene in Insect Cells

This study was aimed to explore the use of baculovirus expression system to secrete peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) F gene protein and use it as subunit vaccine. The gene fragment encoding F protein of PPRV was cloned into the baculovirus pFastBac Ⅰ transfer vector with a honeybee melittin signal peptide.The constructed F-pFastBac was transformed into Escherichia coli DH10Bac,resulting the recombinant baculovirus DNA (F-Bacmid) which was confirmed by blue-white plaque assay and antibiotic resistance selection.The F-Bacmid was then transfected into Sf9 insect cells by the cellfectin transfection reagent.The recombinant F protein was expressed in High Five cells in the serum-free medium.The SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis of recombinant protein showed that the protein could be expressed in insect cells and secreted into the culture medium. For the immunogenicity study,the recombinant protein was then inoculated into BALB/c mice, the results showed that the recombinant protein was able to stimulate B cells to produce special antibodies. In conclusions,the recombinant baculovirus expressing F protein of PPRV were successfully constructed.This study applied a basis for the development of PPRV subunit vaccine.     

植物血凝素对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

试验对植物血凝素在艾维菌雏鸡新城疫疫苗免疫过程中的效果进行了研究.经过雏鸡新城疫母源抗体水平的检测后.选择抗体滴度约为2.5 log2的雏鸡90羽,随机分成3组,分别为溶剂对照组、单免组和PHA组.单免组和PHA组分别于7.21 d接种Ⅳ系LaSota弱毒疫苗,PHA组还同时肌肉注射植物血凝素0.01 mL/只.各组鸡于第1次免疫后的14.21,28.35,42.49和56d测定血液中鸡新城疫特异性抗体水平.结果显示,经2次免疫后PHA组鸡的抗体滴度比单免组和对照组鸡的高.差异显著(P<0.05),说明PHA能显著增强雏鸡对LaSota弱毒苗的免疫反应.     

Treatment of contaminated radial fracture in Sprague-Dawley rats by application of a degradable polymer releasing gentamicin

Fracture-related infections remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to establish a simple contaminated radial osteotomy model to assess the efficacy of a biodegradable polymer poly(sebacic-co-ricinoleic acid) [p(SA-RA)] containing 20% w/w gentamicin. A unilateral transverse osteotomy was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, followed by application of Staphylococcus aureus suspension over the fracture. After successfully establishing the contaminated open fracture model, we treated the rats either systemically (intraperitoneal cefuroxime), locally with p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin, or both. Control groups included non-contaminated group and contaminated groups that were either untreated or treated with the polymer alone. After 4 weeks, the bones were subjected to micro-CT scanning and microbiological and histopathology evaluations. Micro-CT analysis revealed similar changes in the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment as in the non-contaminated control group. Lack of detectable bacterial growth was noted in most animals of the group subjected to both local and systemic treatment, and all samples were negative for S. aureus. Histopathological evaluation revealed that all treatment modalities containing antibiotics were highly effective in reducing infection and promoting callus repair, resulting in early bone healing. While p(SA-RA) containing gentamicin treatment showed better results than cefuroxime, the combination of local and systemic treatment displayed the highest therapeutic potential in this model.     

Management of five stored-product insects in wheat with pirimiphos-methyl and pirimiphos-methyl plus synergized pyrethrins

Hard red winter wheat was treated with pirimiphos-methyl at 4, 6 and 8 mg kg(-1), synergized pyrethrins at 0.38, 0.75, 1.13 and 1.5 mg kg(-1), and combinations of the two insecticides, to conduct laboratory bioassays against four beetle pests of stored grain, red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (F), and rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L), and one moth pest, Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Beetle adults and P interpunctella larvae survived well on control wheat, producing a large number of progeny (65-1037 insects per container). Kernel damage in control wheat among the insect species ranged from 9 to 99%. On pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, mortality of R dominica adults was > or =72%, but that of the other beetle species and P interpunctella larvae was 100%. Progeny were not produced on pirimiphos-methyl-treated wheat, and the kernel damage was negligible (< or =1%). Synergized pyrethrins were ineffective against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl combined with synergized pyrethrins was not superior to pirimiphos-methyl alone against the five insect pests. Pirimiphos-methyl is not registered in the USA for use on wheat, but our results suggest that it could be a viable grain protectant at rates of 4-8 mg kg(-1).     

氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂及其与阿维菌素的混配制剂对美洲斑潜蝇(Diptera:Agromyzidae)的防治效果

测定了扑蚜威、速灭威、灭蚜威、间乙威等9个氨基甲酸酯类化合物及其 与阿维菌素混剂对美洲斑潜蝇的田间药效，结果发现，当施用有效量0.75 kg/hm2时，氨 基甲酸酯类单剂对美洲斑潜蝇的防效在75%～92%之间，而扑蚜威、速灭威、灭蚜威与阿维菌 素混剂对该蝇的防效可达85%～92%。表明，氨基甲酸酯类化合物与阿维菌素混配对美洲斑潜 蝇田间防效、速效性均较好，且成本显著降低。     

三种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫效果评价

为研究不同猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)疫苗的的免疫特性,分别采用PRRSV变异株(JXA1-R)弱毒疫苗、经典PRRSV(VR 2332)弱毒疫苗、变异株(JXA1)灭活疫苗,免疫接种PRRSV抗原和抗体阴性的健康断奶仔猪,免疫接种后70d用PRRSV变异株强毒攻毒,ELISA检测血清中PRRSV特异的抗体水平及IFN-γ、IL 2、IL 4、IL 8、IL 10的水平,并进行临床症状和肺部病理组织学观察和评分。结果表明,VR 2332、JXA1-R弱毒疫苗对免疫猪攻毒保护效果差异不显著,均为63.6%(7/11),JXA1灭活疫苗免疫攻毒保护效果较差,为36.4%(4/11)。试验还发现病毒感染猪血清中细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-10的比值可以作为评价疫苗免疫效果的一个指标。     

黄瓜根际细菌J352对大豆根腐病菌的作用

J352是从黄瓜根际筛选到的一株对病原真菌具有拮抗作用的细菌。室内培养结果表明,该菌对大豆根腐镰刀病菌有较强的抑制效果。J352发酵液对2种病原真菌孢子萌发有较高的抑制率;细菌与病原菌共培养后发现真菌菌丝和孢子发生畸变,菌丝和孢子内部均发生原生质体凝聚并出现空洞。与其它供试病原真菌的对峙培养发现,对烟草赤星病菌抑制作用最明显,抑菌率达85.5%。     

不同杀菌剂防治烟草赤星病的田间药效评价

试验比较25%嘧菌酯SC、687.5 g/L氟菌霜霉威SC、40%菌核净WP和10%多抗霉素WP 4种杀菌剂对烟草赤星病的田间防治效果。结果表明:25%嘧菌酯SC 600倍液和40%菌核净WP 800倍液防治效果较好,其防效依次为77.33%和70.85%;687.5 g/L氟菌霜霉威SC 600倍液次之,防效为56.96%;10%多抗霉素WP 700倍防效为51.12%。     

Evidence of synergy with ‘stacked’ intrarow cultivation tools

Intrarow cultivation efficacy is often low and highly variable. As the mechanisms affecting weed mortality likely vary by tool, several companies have developed cultivators with the ability to use several different intrarow tools at once. We evaluated the potential for such ‘stacking’ of cultivation tools to increase efficacy. We used different sequences of torsion weeders, finger weeders and row harrows in a test crop of maize with surrogate weeds, Sinapis alba and Panicum miliaceum. Most tool combinations resulted in an additive increase in efficacy compared with the individual tools, but the combination of torsion–finger–row harrow demonstrated a synergistic increase in efficacy. In separate experiments, forward speed, soil moisture and weed size were negatively correlated with efficacy, but the torsion–finger–row harrow combination continued to demonstrate a synergistic increase in efficacy compared with the individual tools in 7 of 11 cases. The drawback was high crop mortality (16.0 ± 1.16%); further mechanistic research is needed to reduce crop mortality while maintaining high mean efficacy, through tool design, adjustment and cultural factors.