辽宁西部半干旱地区油松纯林改造的研究

喀左县位于辽宁西部地区，现存大面积油松人工纯林，不仅改善地力和水土保持效益差，而且火险性强、虫害蔓延成灾、生长早期衰退。为改善其林分生态条件，提高林木生长量和综合效益，在中三家镇对25年生油松人工纯林进行改造试验。结果表明，选择山杏、刺槐、沙棘等乔、灌木树种，利用林间空地、林缘隙地、侵蚀沟壑和疏林地造林，在大面积油松纯林连片地区进行窄带状或块状砍伐后造林，5年后效益显著，林分相对湿度提高了2．2％，土壤有机质含量提高5．4％，土壤含水量提高9．8％，减轻土壤容重３％,林分虫害明显下降，油松树高、胸径生长量分别提高22．6％、19．8％。     

农业技术生态学的规范和决策

讨论了农业技术生态系统的概念和农业技术生态规范与技术生态决策的内容。只有通过教育 ,发扬生态文化 ,才能把技术生态的规范落到实处 ,正确实施农业技术的生态决策。在农技推广工作中 ,只有重视农业技术生态 ,才能把农业技术的负效应降低到最小的程度     

浙江淳安新安江开发公司封山育林效益研究

浙江省淳安县新安江开发公司所属16个国营林场22475.53hm~3荒山迹地,封山育林30年,现有天然次生林总蓄积量135万m~3,年总生长率8.07％,活立木直接经济价值2.25亿元。到1987年止公司已获中间利用净收入2135万元。近20年累计天然次生林比无林地多涵蓄水10亿m~3,每年进入水库的泥沙量减少80％,对调节水库水源、延长发电年限、纯洁水质都起到良好作用。公司长期实施的5项管护技术,把封山育林提高到科学经营水平,在千岛湖区成功地建立了森林生态屏障。     

畜牧科学研究动态及前瞻

文章在综述国内外有关专题研究的基础上，系统地讨论了当今畜牧科学的六个领域即家畜遗传育种，繁殖生理学，反刍家畜营养，非反刍家蓄营养，草地学和肉品科学近年来的主要科技成就及研究动态，指出了诸领域新近研究的热点未来研究的既定目标，对国内畜牧科学研究具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。     

高等级公路植被护坡工程技术发展初探

依据恢复生态学原理,在探讨植被护坡技术现状的基础上,对高等级公路植被护坡工程技术中的生物治理和工程治理进行分析,提出了植被护坡工程设计原则、技术发展趋势和建议.     

海涂实行草地农业的综合生态学方法

依据海涂独特的自然属性确定开发利用方案是保证土地资源持续生产的关键。采用降低土壤盐分、实行保护性耕作、用植物残余物覆盖地面、种植牧草防止土壤侵蚀和促使生草层土的发育，保证了以潜在形式集中的富含必需营养元素的腐殖质在土壤中聚积，改善土壤结构，提高土壤水分和养分的利用效率，并以牧草饲养家畜的土地经营活动形成了成功的草地农业生产。     

Change in spatial characteristics of forest openings in the Klamath Mountains of northwestern California,USA

Change in the spatial characteristics of forest openings was investigated in three forested watersheds in north-western Siskiyou County, California totalling approximately 24,600 hectares. Watersheds with minimal human disturbance were chosen for study. However, fire suppression has been pervasive throughout. Characteristics of forest openings (area, perimeter, distance between neighboring openings) were measured on aerial photographs taken 41 years apart. An index of regional form was determined for the landscape. Shape complexity for each opening was calculated using two indices based upon fractals. Significant differences were found using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sample test between the perimeters, areas, distance from sample point to nearest opening, and distance between neighboring openings. The perimeters and areas became smaller, and the distances from the sample point to the nearest opening and between neighboring openings became greater over the 41 years between aerial photo sets. The estimated area occupied by openings decreased from 25.8 % to 15.6 % of the study area. No significant difference was found in the shape of the openings except as the shape indices were influenced by changes in size of the openings.This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright.     

Landscape-ecological mapping of the Netherlands

The Landscape-ecological Mapping of the Netherlands project (LMN project) started in 1983 with the aim of establishing a landscape-ecological database for use in developing and evaluating national land-use plans. The project, working with grid cells of 1 km², has four working objectives: a) development of mapping potential for basic landscape-ecological data, b) assessment of susceptibility to interventions, c) evaluation of significance for nature conservation and d) production of vulnerability maps, as a combination of susceptibility and significance. In addition to information on soil, groundwater, ecotopes, flora and fauna, the database also incorporates information on physiographical features and entire landscapes. The resulting database is a geographic information system (GIS). This article describes the second phase of the project (1985–1989), covering the Randstad area, and focusses on the methods and the applications potential of the database.     

Scale of heterogeneity of forage production and winter foraging by elk and bison

The relationship between fine-scale spatial patterns of forage abundance and the feeding patterns of large ungulates is not well known. We compared these patterns for areas grazed in winter by elk and bison in a sagebrush-grassland landscape in northern Yellowstone National Park. At a fine scale, the spatial distribution of mapped feeding stations in 30 m × 30 m sites was found to be random where there were no large patches devoid of vegetation. In areas similar to the mapped sites, the underlying spatial distribution pattern of biomass was also determined to be random. At a broad scale, forage biomass differed among communities across the northern range but forage quality did not. These results suggest that ungulates are feeding randomly within forage patches (fine scale) but may select feeding sites based upon forage abundance at broader, landscape scales. Contrary to what has been suggested in other systems, ungulates were not overmatching at finer scales.     

水稻苗田化学除草剂—封闭1号大面积苗田药效示范试验结果

通过多点水稻苗田大面积示范试验结果表明,通化市农科所研制的水稻苗田除草剂“封闭1号”具有除草效果好(90～100％)、安全、使用方便、成本低等特点。1988～1991年,累计推广面积(苗田)达15.6万亩,创造经济效益150万元。