桃花芽休眠解除SSH文库构建及相关基因表达分析

 为了深入研究桃花芽休眠的分子机制,利用抑制差减杂交技术（SSH）,以解除休眠期的花芽的RNA为实验方Tester,以休眠期花芽的RNA为驱动方Driver,构建休眠解除cDNA文库,测定分析了180 个上调表达的cDNA 片段,测序成功128个,除去冗余序列,得到28个单一序列。对序列进行BLAST比对及功能注释,发现这些序列分别属于新陈代谢、氧化还原、信号转导、抗性相关等类别基因。运用qRT-PCR 技术对HisH3、Dhn 和Metallothionein基因进行检测,结果表明它们在花芽休眠解除过程中均上调表达。     

反枝苋种子休眠解除方法研究

研究了光照和黑暗两种条件下氢氧化钠（NaoH）、盐酸（HC l）、赤霉素（GA3）和乙烯利（ETH）处理对反枝苋种子萌发的影响。结果表明,氢氧化钠、盐酸、赤霉素和乙烯利浸泡处理均可以明显提高反枝苋种子的发芽率,且随着试剂浓度的提高,发芽率表现出单峰变化曲线,浓度过低或过高均不利于种子的萌发。其中,赤霉素对解除反枝苋种子休眠最有效,且以200 mg/L浸泡处理24 h效果最好,发芽率可达90.8%,比对照提高了52.5百分点。其次为4%NaOH和6%HC l处理1 h,与800 mg/L ETH处理24 h的效果相当,发芽率在70%~75%之间。黑暗条件不利于反枝苋种子的萌发,发芽率略低于光照条件。     

不同处理对梨种子休眠与萌发的影响

以新疆杜梨种子为试验材料，研究了不同处理对其休眠与萌发的影响，结果表明：GA3(赤霉素)和6-BA(6-苄基嘌呤)均能有效的破除种子的休眠，以6-BA的处理效果优于GA3，而且随6-BA浓度增加种子发芽率升高；GA3对未去皮种子处理作用不大，对去皮和低温处理种子效果明显；杜梨种皮中存在发芽抑制物质，去皮种子发芽率明显高于未去皮种子；低温30天以上和GA3或6-BA共同作用可有效解除休眠，使种子发芽率分别达87．4％和97．2％。     

温度及预处理对苏丹草种子萌发的影响

本实验采用15～30℃和20～30℃2种变温,7℃、10℃、15℃和20℃4种恒温,以及0℃、5℃和10℃3种低温和硝酸钾预处理等技术,测定了苏丹草种子的萌发特性。结果表明:苏丹草种子室内最适萌发温度为20～30℃变温;预处理可破除种子休眠率达71.43～100％,并能提高幼苗的长度和简化活力指数,其中,以10℃低温预处理6天效果最好。建议苏丹草种了早春播种应以地温达15℃以上为宜。     

In vitro micrografting and its applications to fruit science

Improvements have been brought to in vitro micrografting. The breaking of dormancy by dipping the seeds of the rootstock in concentrated solutions of benzylaminopurine avoids having recourse to long stratification in the cold (60–120 days according to species). The initial pre-treatment of apices with cytokinin allows their development and facilitates later grafting. Moreover, adding DIECA to the cut sections avoids oxidation and, together with the insertion of a piece of agar between apex and rootstock, increases the success of micrografting. Finally, a special technique of in vivo micrografting of pretreated apices on young plants has been developed.Micrografting is commonly used to obtain peach trees free of Sharka and NRS viruses, and to study incompatibility mechanisms in heterografts, leading to an early diagnosis of incompatibilities.     

A greenhouse method for screening lettuce for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Agar blocks colonized by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of lettuce drop, were used as inoculum in screening for resistance to this pathogen in the greenhouse.Since the degree of resistance to the pathogen among cultivars varied with the time observed after inoculation, resistance was assessed by the number of days for 50% of the plants of each cultivar to die, as well as the number of plants that died. The cultivars ‘PI (Plant Introduction) 250427’, ‘Taiwan’, ‘PI 251790’, ‘PI 255568’, ‘MSU 73-44’ and ‘Bibb’ were found to have a higher level of resistance to S. sclerotiorum than the cultivar ‘Grand Rapids’ at 12 or 15 days following inoculation.     

桃叶卫矛种子休眠、催芽及芽苗移栽技术的探讨

桃叶卫矛是优良的观赏树种。作者揭示了它的种子休眠主要是由于种皮、胚乳含有抑制物。通过试验得出结论,低温层积30d或混雪层积40d,再转入高温催芽,效果最好。同时探讨了利用间苗时的芽苗移栽技术,以求经济、合理的利用种子,降低苗木成本。     

结缕草种子脱落酸含量及打破休眠的研究

本研究采用间接酶联免疫吸附法测定结缕草休眠种子与打破休眠种子在发芽处理过程中脱落酸（ABA）含量的变化。在每克休眠种子中，颖苞和籽粒中的脱落酸含量分别为4．533μg和2．403μg，但以籽粒中脱落酸的含量对休眠的诱导起主要作用；休眠的解除随脱落酸含量的下降而增强。通过对休眠种子和打破休眠种子的发芽处理过程中施用外源激素发现，虽然单独施用外源激素（GA）对休眠的解除有一定的效果，但打破结缕草种子的休眠，首先必须要解除颖苞的透性障碍，然后施用外源激素才可能使结缕草种子达到其潜在发芽率。     

Einfluß eines variierten N-Angebots auf α-Amylase-Aktivität, primäre Dormanz und Auswuchsresistenz von Weichweizen (Triticum aestivum L.), Roggen (Secale cereale L.) und Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)

Influence of Varying N-Fertilization Rates on α-Amylase Activity, Primary Dormancy and Resistance to Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), Rye ( Secale cereale L.) and Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack)
Pre-harvest sprouting, induced by unfavourable ecological conditions, can affect the grain growers success considerably. Positive correlations are reported between resistance to pre-harvest sprouting and primary dormancy. Genotypes with a short dormancy period have a high pre-harvest sprouting risk. In the case of a premature germination of caryopses in the head of grain a hydrolysis of intact starch granules caused by the endoenzyme α-amylase takes place in the endosperm.
Negative correlations between falling number and protein content are reported, however, it is unknown, if a varying N-application influences pre-harvest sprouting rates, dormancy periods and amylase activity. For this reason, both greenhouse and field trials were conducted with different N-fertilization rates and (additional in the greenhouse) a rain simulation treatment.
High amounts of α-amylase a few days post anthesis are opposed to small enzyme activities in mature kernels. Stratificating temperatures and germination inducing precipitations at the same time are inducing pre-harvest sprouting and a high α-amylase activity especially in rye and triticale. It seems as if N-deficiency reduces the possibility of pre-harvest sprouting, on the other hand high N-rates increase the enzymes' activity and promote germination processes in the kernel. Effects of N-fertilization on dormancy are not known.
In the discussion of reasons for an increase of α-amylase activity in sprouted grain caryopses, changes in the relation of the phytohormones gibberellic acid (promoter of enzyme activities) and abscisine acid are mainly presumed.     

Effects of bud scales and gibberellins on dormancy of in vitro cultured Japanese pear leaf buds

Leaf buds of Japanese pear were collected in early June and early November and regarded as summer and winter dormant buds, respectively. Bud explants with and without scales were prepared from each of them, and cultured in vitro for 75 days at 25°C with 14 h photoperiod, on a medium either without growth regulators, or supplied with BA and GAs (GA₃ and GA₄₊₇), singly or in combination.When either BA or GA₄₊₇ was contained in the medium, bud expansion occurred. Thereafter, summer dormant buds grew into shoots in the presence of BA, while winter dormant buds, although they swelled profusely, remained in a rosette. In the presence of BA, GA₄₊₇ markedly stimulated shoot elongation of summer dormant buds, but GA₃ did not. In winter dormant buds, GA₄₊₇ not only failed to stimulate shoot elongation, but also interfered with the BA-induced swelling described above.The presence of bud scales delayed expansion of summer dormant buds, while it had little effect on winter dormant buds. The delaying effect of scales on expansion of summer buds was effectively removed by application of GA₄₊₇ to the medium.