Duration of thermal support for preventing hypothermia induced by anesthesia with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol in mice

Hypothermia during anesthetic events is a common adverse effect of anesthesia in laboratory animals. In particular, small rodents such as mice is susceptible to hypothermia during anesthetic events. Therefore, the animals will need additional thermal support by external heating devices during and after anesthesia. In general, the time of recovery from anesthesia is typically longer in case of injectable anesthesia rather than inhalant anesthesia. However, the durations of thermal support have been almost limited to 1 hr from administration of anesthesia in general. Our study objectives are two-fold: 1) to compare the levels of hypothermia induced by injectable anesthesia with medetomidine-midazolam-butorphanol (MMB) and inhalant anesthesia with isoflurane (ISO); 2) to find the adequate durations of thermal support for preventing hypothermia induced by their anesthesia in mice. Adult male ICR mice were anesthetized during 40 min without and with the thermal support for 1 (both anesthetic groups), 2, 3, and 5 hr (in MMB group). Without thermal support, the decrease of body temperature in MMB group were more severe than that in ISO group. The durations of thermal support completely prevented hypothermia at 5 hr-support in MMB group and that at 1 hr-support in ISO group. However, the other short durations did not prevent hypothermia at 1, 2 and 3 hr-support in MMB group. These results suggest that the mice should be received thermal support over 5 hr after injection of MMB anesthesia to prevent hypothermia.     

Effects of oral administration of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on serum immunity indexes,colonic immune factors,fecal odor,and fecal flora in mice

To evaluate the effects of Spirulina platensis and probiotics on growth, immunity indexes, fecal flora, and fecal odor in mice, 40 mice were randomly allotted to four groups, and each was administrated with nothing, S. platensis, probiotics, or both for 28 days, respectively. Then, many indexes were measured. The results showed that S. platensis was more effective (P < 0.001) than probiotics in improving mice's feed conversion ration (FCR). In immunity, probiotics administration increased (P < 0.042) serum IgE, IgM, IFN-γ, colonic AHR, TLR4, and NF-κB protein expression and decreased (P < 0.039) serum IL-1α, IL-21, IL-22, and colonic ARNT gene expression. However, the S. platensis showed weaker effect, which increased (P < 0.025) the serum IgE, IgM, TNF-α, and the colonic AHR and NF-κB protein expression, and decreased (P < 0.01) serum IL-21. Probiotics consumption decreased the fecal odor by decreasing (P < 0.02) fecal Escherichia coli, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and skatole contents, and the S. platensis decreased (P = 0.04) the IAA. These results indicated that oral administration of probiotics, S. platensis, or both of them in mice probably benefited body's immunity and reduced fecal odor. However, their mechanisms were still unclear and need further study.     

自噬调节剂对感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响

旨在研究自噬调控药物对感染日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)小鼠脑部细胞凋亡的影响,本试验建立自噬调控药物处理的感染日本脑炎病毒小鼠的动物模型,其中,雷帕霉素为自噬诱导剂,渥漫青霉素及氯喹为自噬抑制剂.实验动物分成8组:DMEM对照组(Control);JEV感染组(JEV)...     

结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性试验及其对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的作用研究

[目的]研究结石通片对小鼠的急性毒性作用,对健康大鼠的利尿作用,以及对乙二酰胺致大鼠肾结石的调节作用.[方法]取ICR小鼠40只,雌、雄各半,随机分为对照组与给药组,每组20只,观察结石通片给药前后小鼠的体重变化和死亡情况;另取SD大鼠36只,雌、雄各半,分为对照组、低剂量组(给予5％结石通片溶液)和高剂量组(给予10...     

豫医无毛小鼠卵巢观察

为了探讨无毛基因的突变对小鼠卵巢的影响,采用病理组织学和流式细胞术研究豫医无毛小鼠卵巢的形态学以及卵巢颗粒细胞周期和凋亡的变化。结果显示6月龄无毛小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞Ap峰和G0／G1期显著高于2月龄无毛小鼠和2、6月龄昆明小鼠。该研究表明,无毛基因的突变诱发了小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡,雌性突变小鼠怀孕困难。     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒低剂量感染小鼠发病模型的建立

为模拟哺乳动物感染H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)的发病进程,本研究采用对哺乳动物高度致病的H5N1亚型HPAIV株A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/05 (BHG/3/05),以低剂量鼻腔接种小鼠,观察发病、存活、病毒复制及组织病理损伤情况.结果显示,100.4 EID50即能够100％感染小鼠,但发病表现缓慢,死亡延迟至8d以后,存活达60％;体内病毒复制可持续10 d以上,感染后前3d病毒的增殖限于呼吸道,随后扩散至脑、脾、肾等其他器官;组织病理学观察肺脏早期表现出渗出性炎症,第10d发展为典型的间质性肺炎.本研究结果为探讨人禽流感的病理发生机制提供了具有价值的模型.     

加味玉屏风汤对免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官的保护效应

应用动物试验和病理组织学方法,研究了传统中药方剂加味玉屏风汤对环磷酰胺所致免疫抑制小鼠脾和胸腺等免疫器官的保护作用。结果表明,加味玉屏风汤能明显拮抗环磷酰胺所致脾白髓、骨髓造血组织和胸腺淋巴细胞容量下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,能显著升高下降的胸腺和脾指数（Ｐ〈０．０１）及减少的外周血白细胞和体重（Ｐ〈０．０１）;同时对健康小鼠以上指标也有不同程度的促进作用,提示加味玉屏风汤对脾和胸腺等免疫器官具有一定的     

镉对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的影响研究

为探讨镉对雌性生殖机能的影响,幼鼠皮下注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG),48 h后腹腔注射不同剂量的氯化镉,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及TUNEL法对卵巢颗粒细胞进行凋亡检测;免疫组织化学法检测颗粒细胞的bax表达。结果显示注射氯化镉后48 h的高、中、低剂量组卵巢颗粒细胞(GC)凋亡率分别为(13.887 1±1.329 9)%、(10.757 3±1.229 3)%(、10.020 8±0.983 7)%,均显著高于对照组(0.637 8±0.387 2)%(P<0.01);96 h对照组GC凋亡率显著升高,高剂量组与其它组间差异明显,中、低剂量组与对照组差异不明显。凝胶电泳仅96 h高剂量组呈现梯状带。48 h、96 h各剂量组bax表达明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。可见镉对卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡有促进作用,并有一定的剂量相关性;TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡优于电泳法,当细胞凋亡率较低时(<20%),电泳检测不到DNA梯状带;卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡和bax的表达有一定的相关性,随凋亡率的升高bax表达呈上升趋势。     

酪蛋白酶解物对小鼠生长和免疫功能的影响

试验研究了酪蛋白的胃蛋白酶解物对小鼠生长和免疫功能的影响。选用28日龄纯昆明系小白鼠48只,随机分成3组。试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和对照组分别胃饲酪蛋白酶解物溶液、酪蛋白溶液和生理盐水。胃饲2周后将小鼠采血致死。结果显示,Ⅰ组胃重显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05),小肠重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且体增重、胃蛋白酶活性有增高趋势;但各组胃和小肠组织蛋白含量、小肠乳糖酶、麦芽糖酶活性无显著差异。Ⅰ组胸腺指数和血浆碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。但各组脾脏指数无显著差异。试验结果表明:酪蛋白酶解物具有促进小鼠胃肠生长,提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001株小鼠感染模型的建立

将鹿源坏死梭杆菌FN(A)p2001分离株以3×108、3×107、3×106、3×105、3×104、3×103个/只等不同菌量,分别接种于6组小鼠,每组10只,逐日观察小鼠感染情况.结果表明,3×106、3×107、3×108个/只菌量感染组小鼠,在接种后3 d～8 d先后死亡,5 d后死亡小鼠的病理变化明显,并从死亡小鼠内脏及脓汁中均检到长丝状及小杆状等多形态典型的坏死梭杆菌;3×104个/只和3×105个/只菌量感染仅表现体重减轻,3×103个/只菌量感染无明显临床表现.由此表明,坏死梭杆菌FN(A)P2001分离株具有很强的感染毒力;对小鼠的最小致死量为106个/只菌量;腹腔接种是适宜的感染途径.从而建立了坏死梭杆菌分离株小鼠感染模型.