化学调控剂对玉米自交系株高及穗上各节间长度的影响

以玉米自交系郑58和PH6WC为研究材料,在不同时期喷施赤霉素和乙烯利+油菜素内酯调节株高。结果表明,郑58在17片可见叶期,喷施200 mg/L赤霉素效果最佳,倒1节节间长度提升幅度与对照达显著性差异;PH6WC对赤霉素反应不敏感。郑58在14片可见叶期,喷施100 mg/L乙烯利+0.1 mg/L油菜素内酯降低株高的效果最佳,倒2节至倒6节节间长度降低幅度均与对照达显著性差异;PH6WC在17片可见叶期,喷施200 mg/L乙烯利+0.1 mg/L油菜素内酯降低株高效果最佳,倒1节至倒6节节间长度降低幅度均与对照达到显著性差异。不同自交系对化控剂处理的最佳时期和浓度均有差异。     

Functional roles of root plasticity and its contribution to water uptake and dry matter production of CSSLs with the genetic background of KDML105 under soil moisture fluctuation

Soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall in rainfed lowland (RFL) rice ecosystems negatively affect production. Under such condition, root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles for plant adaptation. This study aimed to evaluate root plasticity expression and its functional roles in water uptake, dry matter production and yield under SMF using three chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) with major genetic background of KDML105 and a common substituted segment in chromosome 8. The CSSLs showed greater shoot dry matter production than KDML105 under SMF, which was attributed to the maintenance of stomatal conductance resulting in higher grain yield. The root system development based on total root length of the CSSLs were significantly higher than that of KDML105 due to the promoted production of nodal and lateral roots. These results implied that the common substituted segments in chromosome 8 of the 3 CSSLs may be responsible for the expression of their root plasticity under SMF and contributed to the increase in water uptake and consequently dry matter production and yield. These CSSLs could be used as a good source of genetic material for drought resistance breeding programs targeting rainfed lowland condition with fluctuating soil moisture environments and for further genetic studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying root plasticity.     

水稻重离子诱变早熟突变体M85S特征特性及配合力遗传力分析

为了利用水稻光温敏核不育系重离子诱变早熟突变体M85S的潜在育种价值,对水稻光温敏核不育系早熟突变体M85S的特征特性及其所配组的F_1代产量构成性状体现的配合力及遗传力进行分析。利用2个光温敏水稻不育系和8个恢复系按2×8不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计配组,对亲本配合力及遗传力进行分析,结果表明,12个农艺性状及产量相关性状区组间差异不显著,组合间差异极显著,说明组合间存在真实的遗传差异,12个性状的遗传受基因加性效应和非加性效应的共同影响,遗传关系复杂。M85S播始历期一般配合力的相对效应值为负值(-2.40%),单株产量一般配合力的相对效应值为正(0.18%),表现为正效应。播始历期、有效穗数、一次枝梗数、穗长、千粒重和粒长的群体一般配合力方差占绝对高的比例,基因的遗传效应占主导作用;株高、总粒数、实粒数和单株产量的群体特殊配合力方差占绝对高的比例,环境效应占主导作用。12个性状的广义遗传力从大到小依次为:粒长播始历期千粒重总粒数穗长实粒数粒宽一次枝梗数有效穗数单株产量结实率株高。综合两个条件,在试验中所组配的16个杂交F_1代中,根据各性状的特殊配合力与一般配合力可知,M85S/创香5号与M85S/航恢1179两个组合较符合早熟与丰产的要求,可见M85S是水稻育种中具有较高应用价值的早熟种质资源,可从遗传上间接协调早熟与丰产矛盾。     

甘蓝杂种一代小型品种组合的筛选

【目的】选育优质、抗病、商品性好、早熟的甘蓝杂种一代小型新品种,以丰富国内小型专用甘蓝品种市场。【方法】以胞质雄性不育系为母本、DH系为父本培育甘蓝杂种一代新组合,在甘蓝苗期和结球中期调查植株抗病性,在叶球成熟后测量球叶帮叶比、叶球紧实度、中心柱长、球叶生食品质等优质性,在叶球收获时统计植株农艺性状、小区产量等,筛选符合育种目标的品种。【结果】通过组合筛选比较试验,获得CMS85-124×DH10-249(CX06)和CMS85-124×DH12-19(CX07)杂种一代组合,其综合农艺性状和经济性状优良,符合甘蓝小型品种育种目标。CX06和CX07杂种一代组合叶球较小,单球质量分别为0.56和0.55kg,叶球呈圆球型,球叶帮叶比均小于30%,紧实度均在0.50以上,中心柱小于叶球高的1/2,生食品质脆嫩、较甜,高抗黑腐病和芜菁花叶病毒病(TuMV),产量分别为50 175和49 500kg/hm2,分别比对照秦甘50增产6.7%和5.3%。【结论】筛选的CMS85-124×DH10-249和CMS85-124×DH12-19 2个组合均为理想的甘蓝杂种一代小型品种,可进一步大面积生产示范。     

玉米重组近交系的高质分析

本研究以自交系掖478、丹340及其衍生的345个F_(3:4)重组自交系(RIL)为材料,对该群体穗长(EL)、穗粗(ED)、穗行数(KRE)、行粒数(KRN)、干籽重(DSW)、百粒重(100-GW)等6个重要穗部性状进行方差、相关性分析,正态性检测。结果表明:除100-GW外,其他各性状在345个家系间存在真实的遗传差异;F_(3:4)家系的6个主要穗部性状均表现出数量遗传特点,其平均值接近双亲平均值,有一定数量的双向超亲家系,是一个适合遗传作图的理想群体。     

高柱头外露率中粳不育系春江99A的选育和利用

春江99A是中国水稻研究所利用滇型粳稻不育系春江16A为母本,以粳稻保持系春江99B（春江19B×春江099）作父本杂交,经连续多代选择回交和育性鉴定,转育成的中粳不育系,2014年9月通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会组织的不育系鉴定。春江99A育性稳定,柱头外露率高,花时较早,异交结实率高,株型好,叶色浅绿,配合力好。利用春江99A配制的籼粳亚种间杂交稻组合表现出杂种优势强,叶色较淡,抗倒性好,全生育期短,后期转色好等特点。     

粳型亲籼系在杂交稻育种中的应用及思考

概述了粳型亲籼系在杂交稻育种中的应用情况,解释并分析了粳型亲籼系能成功育成不育系的原因,提出了利用粳型亲籼系培育掺粳籼型杂交稻的育种策略并分析其育种效率,随着掺粳籼型杂交稻的育种规模扩大,利用粳型亲籼系比直接利用粳稻的育种效率高。     

金农3优3号单季稻宽行窄株种植表现及栽培技术

金农3优3号系福建农林大学作物科学院用金农3A与金恢3号配组选育的中籼三系杂交稻,2012年通过福建省农作物品种审定。2014—2015年在大田县吴山乡阳春、科山村单季稻田进行宽行窄株示范种植,表现高产、稳产,稻谷糙米红褐色,米质好。总结了金农3优3号宽行窄株种植表现及栽培技术。     

Metabolite profiling of sheath blight disease resistance in rice: in the case of positive ion mode analysis by CE/TOF-MS

Rice sheath blight is an important disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The resistant and susceptible rice lines (32R and 29S, respectively) showed different responses to R. solani infection in metabolite levels. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolite levels in rice lines during R. solani infection using capillary electrophoresis equipped with time of flight mass spectrophotometry (CE/TOF-MS) in positive ion mode. Hundred metabolites were identified and classified into six clusters by hierarchical cluster using Mass Profiler Professional software. Changes in metabolite level at inoculated 32R and 29S were mapped on branches of tricarboxylic acid and glycolysis pathway. Volcano plot successfully filtered the metabolites based on fold change and p-value. The volcano plot result showed that 10 metabolites were up and down regulated in inoculated 32R relative to 29S. One metabolite, chlorogenic acid, showed a positive response in 32R. Meanwhile, pipecolic acid showed as the highest magnitude of fold change and p-value significance level in 29S. In addition, eight amino acids; glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and tyrosine showed increase in 29S after R. solani inoculation.     

玉米自交系灰斑病抗性配合力及遗传分析

[目的]分析CML系列玉米自交系的灰斑病抗性配合力并进行遗传参数估计,为进一步选育抗灰斑病玉米新品种提供参考.[方法]以6份CML系列玉米自交系(CML373、CML390、CML442、CML488、CML489和CML204)为材料,按Griffing双列杂交试验设计方法Ⅳ组配15个杂交组合,对玉米自交系及其配置的杂交组合的灰斑病抗性进行配合力分析.[结果]6份玉米自交系一般配合力(GCA)效应差异极显著(P<0.01,下同),自交系CML373和CML390的GCA效应为负向效应,以CML390的负向效应最大;CMLA42、CML488、CML489和CML204的GCA效应为正向效应,CML204的正向效应最大.15个杂交组合特殊配合力(SCA)效应差异极显著,组合CML373×CML204的SCA负向效应最大,组合CML442×CML204的SCA正向效应最大.玉米灰斑病抗性遗传加性方差为3.63,显性方差为0.21,广义遗传力为93.74%,狭义遗传力为88.52%.[结论]CML390组配的各组合抗性表现及SCA效应均较优.玉米灰斑病的抗性遗传以加性效应为主,同时存在一定的非加性效应,性状表现受环境影响较明显.