4味常见中药对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

试验旨在研究4味中药对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响,选取70只6周龄雌性昆明小鼠(18～20g),随机分为7组,分别为空白对照组、模型组、玉屏风组、乌梅组、蒲公英组、党参组、石榴皮组。采用环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,Cy)构建免疫抑制病理模型,从喂药的第3天起,2～7组以75mg/kg体重腹腔注射Cy,每隔1天注射1次,共注射4次,注射期间正常给药,模型组灌胃0.9%生理盐水,直至停止注射Cy的第2天,共给药7d。检测4味中药对免疫抑制小鼠体重、脾脏和胸腺指数、血液指标、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、IgG及肠道菌群的影响。结果显示,与模型组相比,党参、乌梅、蒲公英、石榴皮可显著提高免疫抑制小鼠体重(P<0.05),其中乌梅组效果最好;显著提高免疫抑制小鼠免疫器官指数(P<0.05),但不能达到正常水平,其中蒲公英组脾脏指数最高;各中药组可提高白细胞数目(WBC)、显著提高红细胞数目(RBC)(P<0.05),但不能达到正常水平;各中药组可显著提高免疫球蛋白数量(P<0.05),党参组sIgA、IgG显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),且和玉屏风组差异不显著(P>0.05);各中药组可显著降低大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),显著增加双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量(P<0.05),提高免疫抑制小鼠肠道菌群的丰富性和多样性,其中党参和蒲公英组小鼠肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性较好。综上说述,乌梅、蒲公英、石榴皮、党参均能够颉颃Cy对小鼠体重、免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响,可用于免疫增强类药物的开发。     

The induction of cashmere shedding via cyclophosphamide injection

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on cashmere shedding in cashmere goats. Thirty‐two castrated Liaoning cashmere goats were randomly allotted to four groups, with eight replicates in each group. The four groups were injected intravenously with CPA doses of 0, 15, 20 and 25   mg/kg body weight, respectively. Feed intake, body weight, body temperature, and sphygmus were recorded and the erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin content, and cashmere yield and length were determined. CPA has no significant effect on feed intake, body weight, body temperature, or sphygmus of cashmere goats. It was found that CPA significantly decreased the erythrocyte count and hemoglobin content in cashmere goats on the days immediately following injection, but the effects on erythrocytes diminished within 6 days, with hemoglobin content returning to normal within 10 days. Cashmere fiber began to shed on about day 10 after injection with CPA. CPA had no significant effect on cashmere length but significantly increased cashmere yield. The results indicate that CPA can induce cashmere shedding and achieve the purpose of concentrated defleecing. A dose of 20 mg/kg body weight is preferable for hair removal and regrowth in cashmere goats.     

注射L-精氨酸和环磷酰胺对杂色鲍血清NO水平、NOS活性及免疫指标的影响

对杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor)分别按每kg体质量注射250mg、500mg和1000mg的L-精氨酸和5mg、10mg、20mg的环磷酰胺。每隔5d足部肌肉注射1次,共注射3次。第16天检测其血清中NO含量以及NOS活性的变化情况。同时采用注射环磷酰胺的方法(剂量为10mg/kg体质量),对杂色鲍血清中NOS活性进行负调控,分别在注射后3h、6h、12h、24h、48h、96h对血清NO水平和血清NOS、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)以及溶菌酶(LZM)活性进行测定,并探讨它们之间的相关性。结果显示,注射500mg/kg的L-精氨酸可以显著提高实验鲍血清中NO水平和NOS活性,而注射10mg/kg的环磷酰胺则可以显著降低实验鲍血清中NO水平和NOS活性。血清中NOS活性与ACP、AKP以及LZM等活性的相关系数分别为0.8074、0.8292和0.7408,相关显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01),NO与SOD及LZM的相关系数分别为0.9302和0.9413,相关极显著(P<0.01)。实验结果为人工调控鲍体内的NO含量、增强其自身的非特异性免疫功能,从而提高鲍的抵抗疾病的能力提供了科学依据,同时也证明NO和NOS可以作为评价鲍免疫功能强弱的指标。     

Immunosuppression in goats by dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide

The influence of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on the goat immune system was investigated. Seven goats, with a previous contact with caprine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1), were used. All had been vaccinated with live Mycobacterium paratuberculosis vaccine.

Six goats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with dexamethasone daily for 5 days (2.5–4 mg/kg BW per day). Three also received 25 mg/kg BW of cyclophosphamide on day 0. The seventh goat was not treated.

Dexamethasone alone caused depression, slight lymphopenia and fall in tuberculin reaction. Dexamethasone plus cyclophosphamide caused a severe clinical reaction, marked leukopenia (lymphopenia), fall in tuberculin reaction and significant increase in CHV-1 neutralizing antibody titres. M. paratuberculosis antibody reaction was variable and thus difficult to be assessed. CHV-1 was not isolated.     

环磷酰胺对鸡红细胞的微核效应

将３００只２０日龄罗曼鸡随机分为１０组，每组３０只。第１～９组为实验组，分别按体重皮下注射环磷酰胺０．００１、０．０１、０．１、１、２、４、８、１６、３２μｇ／ｇ；第１０组为对照组，注射生理盐水。第９组（３２μｇ／ｇ）和对照组于注射后０、４、８、１２、１６、２０、２４、２８、３２ｈ，采血涂片，瑞氏染色并观察；而其他各组于注射后１６ｈ，采血涂片，瑞氏染色并观察。结果表明，环磷酰胺０．００１μｇ／ｇ剂量组，红细胞微核细胞率、微核率与对照组无明显差异，其他各组微核细胞率、微核率随环磷酰胺剂量的增加而升高，二者呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８），而白细胞数则随环磷酰胺剂量的增加而逐渐减少；从时间上看，随着环磷酰胺作用时间的延长，微核细胞率和微核率逐渐增加，至１６ｈ达到高峰，以后随时间的增加而减少。鸡红细胞微核率的变化，说明环磷酰胺的毒性可直接影响动物遗传物质，也说明鸡红细胞对环磷酰胺的毒性作用非常敏感。     

Effect of Immunosuppression on the Clinicopathological Changes in Experimental Zygomycosis in Rabbits

A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of immunosuppression by cyclophosphamide or methylprednisolone on the clinicopathological alterations in respiratory absidiosis in rabbits. Infected rabbits showed respiratory distress that was more severe in immunosuppressed groups. Leukocytosis due to neutrophilia was observed in the non-immunosuppressed group in the initial stages, whereas leukopenia was observed in both the immunosuppressed groups initially, owing to polymorphopenia in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and to lymphopenia in the methylprednisolone-treated group, followed by leukocytosis in both groups. Total serum proteins increased significantly in the non-immunosuppressed group but were significantly decreased in the immunosuppressed groups. Serum creatinine increased significantly in all the infected groups from 20 days post inoculation (DPI) onwards. Blood urea nitrogen increased significantly in the initial stages only in the methylprednisolone-treated group. AST and ALT also showed significant increases in the infected animals. Total serum immunoglobulins and circulating immune complexes increased gradually in all three infected groups, except for an initial significant drop in the immunosuppressed rabbits. Re-isolation of fungus was only achieved from the lungs of infected rabbits up to 15 DPI in the non-immunosuppressed group and 30 DPI in the immunosuppressed groups. Pathological lesions in all the infected groups were found mainly in the lungs and consisted of pyogranulomas. The lesions were most severe in the cyclophosphamide-treated group and least severe in the non-immunosuppressed group.     

Risk factors for development of sterile haemorrhagic cystitis in canine lymphoma patients receiving oral cyclophosphamide: a case–control study

Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) is a known risk of cyclophosphamide treatment; however, most canine reports are case series. This case–control study examined risk factors for SHC in dogs with lymphoma receiving oral cyclophosphamide. Twenty‐two dogs with SHC and 66 control dogs were identified. On univariate analysis, SHC risk factors included age (P = 0.041), induction protocol (P = 0.021) and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (P = 0.002). On multivariate analysis, increasing cumulative cyclophosphamide dose was associated with increased risk of SHC and the ‘short’ induction protocol (protocol 1) was associated with decreased risk. Controlling for age and induction protocol, odds of SHC increased by 2.21 per 750 mg m^?2 increase in cyclophosphamide dose (P = 0.001). SHC from oral cyclophosphamide is a predominately delayed toxicity resulting from high cumulative doses.     

玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺致雏鸡免疫抑制的调节作用研究

研究玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺致雏鸡免疫抑制的调节作用。将120只1日龄雏鸡随机分成6组,分别为空白对照组、玉竹多糖对照组、玉竹多糖调节组、板蓝根多糖对照组、板蓝根多糖调节组、免疫抑制对照组,除空白对照组外,其余各组在7日龄时饮水免疫鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗(LaSota株+H120株)。测定免疫后不同阶段雏鸡新城疫疫苗抗体滴度、血清IgA含量和外周淋巴细胞OD570 nm值,以及脾脏指数和法氏囊指数。结果显示,环磷酰胺造模后,可见环磷酰胺抑制对照组抗体滴度持续处于较低的状态,血清IgA含量较低,外周淋巴细胞增殖受抑制,免疫器官指数较低;在免疫后14 d、21 d、28 d和35 d,玉竹多糖调节组和板蓝根多糖调节组血清抗体滴度显著高于免疫抑制对照组(P<0.05);在免疫后21d、35 d,玉竹多糖调节组和板蓝根多糖调节组血清IgA含量、外周淋巴细胞OD570 nm值和免疫器官指数显著高于免疫抑制对照组(P<0.05)。本试验结果表明,玉竹多糖和板蓝根多糖对环磷酰胺造模形成免疫抑制雏鸡免疫系统具有调节功能,可解除免疫抑制,使免疫系统恢复至正常水平,能够提高雏鸡新城疫疫苗抗体滴度、血清IgA含量,增强外周淋巴细胞增殖。     

金线莲多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及免疫器官的影响

目的：探讨金线莲多糖对免疫抑制小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及免疫器官的影响。方法：按大、中、小剂量给小鼠灌胃金线莲多糖,腹腔注射环磷酰胺（CY）建立免疫抑制模型;测定小鼠体重及胸腺、脾脏重量,计算胸腺、脾指数;采用MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞的增殖。结果：3个金线莲多糖剂量组小鼠的体重及免疫器官指数均低于空白组而高于模型组,脾淋巴细胞增殖均显著（P〈O．05）高于模型组。结论：金线莲多糖能提高免疫抑制小鼠体重及免疫器官指数,促进脾淋巴细胞增殖。     

氦氖激光合用环磷酰胺对S180荷瘤鼠脾脏淋巴细胞IL-2诱生活性和增殖反应的影响

以S180腹水瘤小鼠为动物模型，应用11.00、14.67和22.00J/cm^2 3种剂量氦氖激光照射荷瘤鼠哈德腺，同时联合应用化疗药物环磷酰胺，对S180荷瘤鼠脾脏淋巴细胞IL-2诱生活性和淋巴细胞增殖反应的影响作了系统地研究。结果表明：CYT/氦氖激光照射联合应用组IL-2诱生活性和淋巴细胞增殖反应均明显高于CYT对照组。CYT可对荷瘤体产生某种程度的免疫抑制效应，而氦氖激光照射则可在某种程度上改善这一效应。