2006-2007年南昌市城郊地带的酸雨特征

为了解南昌地区酸雨现状,通过对南昌农区、郊区、市区布设观测点,根据有关监测数据资料,对2006—2007年酸雨pH值、酸雨频率、酸雨成分、空气污染状况进行了统计分析。结果表明,3个测点观测的南昌地区酸雨年均pH值处强酸性标准,3测点酸雨发生概率为88%～97%,9—4月酸雨较重、5—8月减弱,酸雨pH值与空气污染物浓度有极显著相关关系。酸雨呈硫酸性酸雨,主要阴离子为SO24-、NO3-、Cl-,阳离子为NH4+、Ca2+、K+,且SO24-/NO3-比值较小。农田保护区因处于城市及工业污染源下风向,降水总离子及SO24-浓度较高,酸雨强度不亚于城市。在新设工业园及迁出企业布局上,应考虑设于较小风频方位,以减轻南昌农田保护区及城市污染,建议选择城市西北、东南侧安排新设排放源。     

白玉兰与望春玉兰花香成分和含量的比较研究

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术分析了白玉兰和望春玉兰鲜花的芳香成分及相对含量,并对其进行了比较.结果表明,白玉兰和望春玉兰花香成分的种类及含量存在较大差异.白玉兰共检测出25种芳香成分,萜烯类化合物含量最高,达到了70.29%,是主要香气成分.含量较多的芳香成分有β-水芹烯、α-金合欢烯、桉叶油素、β-蒎烯、氧化芳樟醇和α-蒎烯;望春玉兰共检测出32种芳香成分,萜烯类化合物是主要香气成分,其相对含量为71.34%,含量较多的芳香成分有β-水芹烯、顺式-β-罗勒烯、桉叶油素、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯和紫丁香醇D.不同的芳香物质及含量组成,使白玉兰和望春玉兰形成各自独特的香气类型.     

海星化学成分的生物活性及应用研究进展

海星中含有脂类、多糖、多肽及氨基酸、胶原蛋白、皂苷、甾醇、生物碱等多种营养成分和活性物质,具有广泛的生物活性和药理作用,在功能食品等领域具有巨大的开发潜力和广阔的市场前景。目前对海星的开发利用还十分局限,因此拓展开发思路,加强对海星的开发利用,具有重要的现实意义。通过综述国内外近10年来从海星中发现的一些新化学成分的生物活性和应用,为进一步开发利用海星提供理论依据。     

Characterizing Constituents of Sediment Phosphorus Fractionation in a Freshwater Shallow Lake System

[Objective] This study aimed to characterize constituents of phosphorus(P)fractionation as well as reciprocities among factors in sediments of a freshwater shallow lake. [Method] Surface sediment was discretely sampled at 24 sites through Van Veen grabs. Based on a modified sequential extraction scheme, P fractionation was determined as Fe/Al bound P(Fe/Al-P), Ca bound P(Ca-P), solute and reductive P(S/R-P) and organic P(OP). Curve estimation and Pearson product-moment correlation were employed for statistical analysis. [Result] Total P(TP) content ranged from 443 to 774 mg/kg. Inorganic P(IP) was the major component of TP,of which Ca-P was dominated with an average of 51%±9.7%. Average contents of P fractionation were in the following order: Ca-P(51%) OP(29%) S/R-P(8%) Fe/Al-P(7%). The molar ratio of Fe to P was 11- 20, close to the threshold value of P leaching. [Conclusion] In freshwater shallow lakes, IP and Ca-P were prone to be relatively high, whereas Fe/Al-P was low compared with deep lakes. Occurrence of spatially monotonic gradient indicated the primary causation of anthropogenic sources. Imminent sediment P liberation was also expected. Close associations among TP, Fe/Al-P and Ca-P, implying that anthropogenic P was mainly bound to metals in particulates. Significant correlations of TOC and P fractionation highlighted endogenous mechanism and authigenic origin in sediments.     

不同生态亚区土壤和气候对浓香型烤烟光合特性和化学成分的影响

【目的】探讨主要生态因子对浓香型烤烟Nicotiana tabacum L.烟叶风格特征形成的影响。【方法】以‘粤烟97’为材料,利用南雄烟区帽子峰和古市生态亚区生态条件与地域的微观差异,在2个生态亚区之间互相置换相同质地土壤,设置4个处理,研究不同生态亚区土壤和气候因子对烟叶光合作用和烤后烟叶化学成分含量及协调性的影响。【结果】移栽50 d时,帽子峰土壤置换到古市(T1处理)后种植的烤烟的净光合速率比古市当地土壤和气候条件(T2处理)下种植的烤烟高3.66%;中部叶总糖、还原糖和淀粉含量分别降低5.74%、4.77%和10.73%,烟碱、K+和总氮含量分别提高6.49%、11.07%和11.34%。同时,古市土壤置换到帽子峰(T3处理)后种植的烤烟的净光合速率比帽子峰当地土壤和气候条件(T4处理)下种植的烤烟高1.81%;中部叶还原糖和烟碱含量分别降低10.02%和13.14%,淀粉含量提高9.30%。气候对总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮和淀粉含量,氮碱比,气孔导度,蒸腾速率,胞间CO2浓度和净光合速率均有显著影响;土壤与气候互作对还原糖、烟碱、总氮和淀粉含量,氮碱比及气孔导度有显著影响;土壤仅对K+和总氮含量及糖碱比有显著影响。【结论】气候是浓香型烟叶风格特征形成最主要的影响因子,尤其是伸根期与旺长期的降水量和平均气温,其次是土壤与气候互作,土壤因子的影响最小。古市的气候条件更适合浓香型优质烟叶的生产。     

紫花地丁抑菌活性成分的研究初报

采用活性跟踪法从紫花地丁的氯仿萃取物中分离得到1个抗菌活性成分(化合物1),并以停乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、无乳链球菌、乳房链球菌和沙门氏菌为供试菌,对紫花地丁的抑菌活性及其活性成分进行了初步研究。结果表明,化合物1初步鉴定为黄酮类化合物;紫花地丁的主要活性成分位于甲醇-水(V(甲醇)∶V(蒸馏水)=1∶1)萃取物和氯仿萃取物中;化合物1对以上6种供试菌的最小抑菌浓度依次为0.039,0.078,0.156,0.313,0.625和1.25mg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和乳房链球菌的最小杀菌浓度≤2.5mg/mL,对停乳链球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的最小杀菌浓度>2.5mg/mL。     

山西省大豆品种生态分析：Ⅲ栽培大豆化学成分的组成与地理分布

本文研究了山西省5个大豆生态区,239个大豆地方栽培种的蛋白质、脂肪及各种脂肪酸的化学成分和地理分布,结果与其它农艺性状一样,形成明显的生态分布特点,其化学成分相互间存在着互为消长的关系,同时在大豆的不同栽培类型、不同种皮颜色间也有明显差异。     

穿心莲兽医药理学研究进展

文章综述了近年来国内对穿心莲的化学成分,色谱指纹图谱,对动物体生理功能的影响,药代动力学以及毒副作用的兽医药理学研究新进展.     

Effects of microwave drying on the contents of functional constituents of Eucommia ulmoides flower tea

In order to make male flower tea of Eucommia ulmoides, this paper systematically investigated the effects of microwave drying, a newly emerging drying method, on the contents of functional constituents contained in the flower (such as total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, aucubin and geniposidic acid) from the aspects of microwave output power and time of treatment. A comparison was conducted in the view of tea quality between microwave drying and conventional drying methods used in tea manufacturing, such as pan baking drying and oven ventilation baking drying. The results indicated that microwave drying method could maximally maintain the functional constituents. Further comparison on sensory quality showed that by microwave drying mode, the shape of the stamens of the flower was intact, the color was greenish, the liquor of the flower tea was fresh with strong Eucommia male flower flavor.     

小花龙血树超临界CO2萃取物的成分分析

小花龙血树有效成分的研究较少,制约了其进一步的开发利用。采用超临界CO2萃取小花龙血树（Dracaena cambodiana）的有效成分,再结合气相色谱质谱（GC—MS）仪对萃取物进行成分分析,分离并鉴定了其中的51个成分。