秸秆燃料价值综合利用技术研究

随着农业经济的发展、农民生活方式的改变及秸秆综合利用技术未充分开发和推广,农民大量焚烧秸秆。对秸秆燃料价值综合利用关键技术和存在的问题进行分析,并提出对策,以期为实现农业可持续发展。     

4种豆科牧草种子对绵羊消化道作用的反应

以4种野生豆科牧草苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroide)、线叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)、光果甘草(Glycyrrhizae glabrae)、罗马苜蓿(Medicago romanica)种子为研究对象,测定各种子在绵羊消化道作用前后的形态、生物学特性变化以及在绵羊消化道内的运移和排放规律。结果表明,4种种子排放过程均符合高斯模型,且苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草排放峰值均出现在饲喂后24~36h,罗马苜蓿种子排放峰值则出现在18~30h。苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草和罗马苜蓿种子总回收率分别为14.513%、4.463%、10.811%、4.608%,在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间分别为36.3、29.6、31.2和31.9h。除苦豆子外,其它3种植物种子在经过消化道后单粒重显著降低(P0.05),4种种子消化后的形状指数较经过消化道前显著减小。经过绵羊消化道后种皮颜色加深,纹理模糊,出现褶皱及明显侵蚀斑。与经过消化道前比较,4种植物种子经过消化道后的发芽率均有显著提高,其中发芽率提高效果最明显的时间段在消化24~48h后。消化道作用可有效打破苦豆子、线叶野豌豆、光果甘草、罗马苜蓿种子的硬实,4种植物种子均可通过绵羊消化道传播。     

Comparative Biomass Production of Six Oat Varieties in a Saline Soil Ecology

Oat is widely used as a food source in human and animal diets. In China, supplementary cultivation of oat has recently been extended into marginal saline soils, due to its extensive use. The goal of the present study was to explore and compare the agronomic characteristics, biomass production, and distribution of oat in coastal saline soil. A single-factor randomized block design experiment with six naked and husked oat varieties [Bayou-1 (BU-1), Baiyan-2 (BY-2), Baiyan-7 (BY-7), Huawan-6 (HW-6), Huazao-2 (HZ-2), and Pin-16 (P-16)] as treatments was conducted in the Hebei Province of China. The growth period (77 to 88 days) of the six oat varieties were shorter in saline soil than their original breeding region. Moreover, the plant was shorter, with a lower grain number per plant and seed setting. Grain weight increased and no change was observed in the floret number in coastal saline soil relative to the original habitats. The BY-7 variety produced the highest biomass value of 7.0 t ha^?1 compared to the other five varieties. Compared with two active growth points, most varieties in the present study showed just one growth activity point between elongation and heading. Two fast growth periods for the six oat varieties were due to the high total leaf biomass growth rate (BGR) from elongation to heading and panicle BGR from heading to maturity. The biomass growth ratio (BGO) during elongation to heading was the largest among the four growth stages of the oat varieties. The number of kernels per spike decreased at the research site, but grain weight increased. Substantial differences were observed for growth periods, biomass, BGR, BGO, and other agronomic characters in the coastal saline soil of North China, but the BY-7 variety was the most suitable variety for the study site.     

兰州市农业综合生产能力影响因素分析

运用相关分析和因子分析法,对兰州市1982-2004年农业综合生产能力(农业总产值)及其影响因素如耕地面积、化肥施用量、灌溉条件、农民收入、农村劳动力、农机总动力、农村用电量等进行了定量分析,得出近20多年来各因素对兰州市农业综合生产力发展的不同影响和作用,对促进兰州市农业生产力的进一步提高具有重要意义。     

香蕉茎秆废弃物综合利用研究现状与分析

介绍中国香蕉种植情况及香蕉茎秆废弃物状况，阐述国内外香蕉茎秆废弃物在纺织、造纸、饲料、肥料、能源等领域的利用状况及研究进展，结合香蕉产业发展现状分析香蕉茎秆废弃物综合利用过程中存在的问题，提出对策性建议。     

超级稻病虫发生特点及其药剂防治技术

超级稻从孕穗末至齐穗期如遇上连续阴雨天,稻曲病大发生,纹枯病发生较普遍;二化螟、稻飞虱发生量大,危害较重。在超级稻大田生长期,抓住施药适期,选用高效、内吸、广谱、环保型农药,进行3～4次防治,可有效防控病虫危害,达到节本增效、减少农药污染的目的。     

微胶囊剂农药发展概述

本文综合叙述了微胶囊农药的发展状况、制备方法及微胶囊农药的特点，并讨论了影响农药释放速率的因素。     

蘑菇褐腐病菌生物学特性和防治

蘑菇褐腐病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发适宜温度为24～25℃,低至10℃,高达35℃,孢子停止萌发,在35℃和40℃恒温中,分别经5天和1天,菌丝均失去生活力;高湿有利于菌丝生长和孢子萌发,100％相对湿度下分生孢子萌发率最高;菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发最适宜pH值分别为6和6.4,幼嫩蘑菇煮出液最能刺激孢子萌发,该病菌在菇床初侵染源是覆盖了带有病菌的覆盖土,在夏季对覆盖土壤进行日光曝晒4～5天,覆土前7天,用36％～38％化学纯甲醛3.5kg,兑水20～30kg,喷洒于种植111m~2蘑菇的覆盖土中熏蒸48h以上,防病效果均理想;发病后及时挖除病菇,能防止病菌再侵染,减轻褐腐病的为害。     

内蒙古土地资源与合理利用

内蒙古土地资源的特征:①土地面积辽阔;②土地地势高而平坦;③土地质量随地带性分布规律递变;④牧业用地比重大;⑤土地利用地区差异显著;⑥土地生产力低而不稳;⑦土地退化普遍。土地资源的合理利用;①因地制宜,合理布局;②改善农田生态系统;③合理利用草原;④增加森林覆盖率;⑤充分利用水域;⑥加强土地管理。