Effect of animal age,postmortem chilling rate,and aging time on meat quality attributes of water buffalo and humped cattle bulls

The study was aimed to investigate the influence of animal age, post‐slaughter chilling rate, and aging time on meat quality of M. longissimus dorsi (LD) of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and humped cattle (Bos taurus indicus) bulls. After slaughtering, one side of carcasses was subjected to rapid chilling (RC) (0 ± 2°C) and other side was hanged in controlled room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 3 hr, then allowed to the chiller (0 ± 2°C). The meat quality traits were analyzed at 1, 7, and 14 days of storage. It was noted that rapidly chilled carcasses from the younger animals of both species missed the ideal pH/temperature window, which affects the toughness of the meat. Buffalo meat presented higher shear force, color L* values, and lower b* value as compared to the cattle meat. Moreover, meat shear force values decreased while all color coordinates and cooking loss values increased with lengthening the storage time in both age groups of cattle and buffalo. In conclusion, the tenderness of cattle meat was superior to that of buffalo and RC adversely affect the shear force values of young cattle and both age groups of buffalo bulls.     

PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF QUINOLONE RESISTANCE GENES IN PROTEUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM PET TURTLES

Proteus spp. are widely recognized as opportunistic pathogens causing urinary tract and septic infections in humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in association with the detection of quinolone susceptibility of 24 strains of pet turtle-borne Proteus spp. Susceptibility of 4 antimicrobials including nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin was examined by disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration test. Six isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid showing either intermediate resistance or resistance to other quinolones. All nalidixic acid, resistant isolates harbored mutations in gyrB (N440T/A401G/Q411S). Two of the isolates had both gyrA (S83I) and parC (S80I) mutations. Twenty-one isolates were positive for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes; the qnrD gene had the highest prevalence with 19 (79.2%), while qnrS, qnrA, qnrB, and aac(6′), Ib-cr genes were present in 9 (37.5%), 2 (8.3%), 1 (4.2%), and 11 (45.8%) isolates, respectively. These results suggest that pet turtle-associated Proteus spp. should be considered a potential source of antimicrobial resistance determinants.     

Study on the Stability of Blue-tongue Virus after Long Time Storage in Cold Room

In order to understand the stability of blue-tongue virus (BTV)storage in cold room for long time, 18 tissue samples which were kept in 4℃ for 10 to 15 years were test by Real-time PCR, and 10 blood samples which were kept in 4℃ for 15 years were subjected to virus isolation process, then was proved by monoclonal antibody staining,research results showed all old samples were positive in Real-time PCR, further more, 5 live virus were isolated from 10 old blood samples. The results suggested the stability of BTV was higher than we thought before.     

硫酸二乙酯诱变苜蓿愈伤组织抗寒生理的研究

对诱导的苜蓿Medicago sativa愈伤组织进行不同浓度的硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变处理,确定其半致死浓度,在-7℃低温下进行筛选,以获得抗寒性突变体;进行了相对电导率、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶的活性等抗寒性生理指标的测定.结果表明,苜蓿愈伤组织经DES处理,DES的半致死浓度为0.3%,愈伤组织的抗寒性增强.     

通过银染核仁组织区（Ag—NORs）对黄牛品种间遗传关系的探讨

用银染技术对中国４个地方黄牛品种（蒙古牛，泰川牛，岭南牛和西镇牛）４０头牛的Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ作了比较研究，并根据不同Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ的个体频率用数学方法估计了４个品种间的遗传距离，以此对４个品种作了聚类分析。结果表明，在４个品种中，西镇牛与岭南牛关系最近，西人扣与蒙古牛关系最远。这与从Ｙ染色体多态性，外形，历史，地理分布及生态类型的研究结果一致。     

4个紫花苜蓿品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价

本研究选取'肇东'、'龙牧801'、'东农1号'、'敖汉'4种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)作为研究对象,进行低温胁迫试验,通过对生理生化指标和叶片解剖结构的观测分析,综合比较了4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性.结果表明:低温胁迫下,4种紫花苜蓿相对电导率、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性与对照相比有所上升,其中'肇东'各个指标的上升幅度均最大.通过隶属函数综合分析得出,4种紫花苜蓿的抗寒性为'肇东'>'龙牧801'>'东农1号'>'敖汉'.通过观测4种苜蓿的解剖结构发现,抗寒性较强的'肇东'和'龙牧801'的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度和海绵组织厚度小于抗寒性较弱的'敖汉',且细胞结构更为紧密.     

贵州喀斯特地区牧草引种试验评价

对国内外引进的6个禾本科牧草品种,9个豆科牧草品种以及喀斯特地区的4个对照品种,在贵州独山地区进行引种试验。结果表明：各参试品种生长良好,能安全越冬、越夏,一年可刈割5～6次,鲜草产量达36558．2～66450．0kg／hm2,干草产量10771．0～19869．0kg／hm2。综合性状表现较好的依次为鸭茅Totter,Wana,Tuoa;多年生黑麦草Nui,Bronsys;白三叶Alice,C6151,Prop,Pitua,Sustain;百脉根Mareb,Lel。     

青海省龙羊峡库区草地资源遥感调查研究

利用 1987年和 2 0 0 0年美国陆地卫星TM数据资料 ,对青海省龙羊峡库区 13年来草地的面积、分布、发展和演变情况进行了调查 ,发现龙羊峡库区天然草地面积 13年中减少了6 984 .0 9hm2 ,平均年递减速率为 0 .14 % ,草地盖度、高度、产量等方面均有不同程度的下降 ,草地盖度平均下降 5 %～ 10 % ,牧草高度下降 3～ 2 8cm ,牧草产量均呈现下降趋势     

雏鸡冷应激前后血清中差异蛋白质组学研究

本试验旨在比较分析雏鸡冷应激前后血清中蛋白质的表达差异,并对重点差异蛋白质进行鉴定。将30只雏鸡随机分为3组,分别为冷应激组、冷适应组和常温对照组,收集各组雏鸡的血液制备血清后进行双向凝胶电泳(2-DE),以获得血清蛋白质表达的2-DE图谱,对2-DE图谱进行差异分析(利用PDQuest 8.0软件),随后采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)技术对差异表达蛋白质进行鉴定,并利用蛋白质印迹(Western blot)方法进行验证。结果显示:通过2-DE对常温对照组、冷应激组和冷适应组雏鸡血清进行分析,得到了比较完整的差异蛋白质数据,共找到差异蛋白质点23个。采用MALDI-TOF-MS技术分析其中几个重复性好且较为明显的蛋白质点,成功鉴定出4个差异蛋白质,其中2个为果糖二磷酸醛缩酶C(ALDOC),是参与葡萄糖、能量代谢通路供能的相关蛋白;随后,对差异蛋白质ALDOC进行Western blot验证,所得结果与2-DE的结果相一致。结果表明,雏鸡冷应激前后血清中蛋白质的表达具有明显的差异,这些蛋白质的表达差异可能与冷应激有关。