海门白山羊染色体核型研究及C-带分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及染色体分带技术,分析了海门白山羊的染色体核型与C-带。结果表明,海门白山羊二倍体染色体数为2n=60,常染色体和X染色体均为端部着丝粒染色体,X染色体的大小介于1号和2号染色体之间,Y染色体最小,为中部着丝粒染色体,公羊核型为60,XY,母羊为60,XX。大部分常染色体和X,Y染色体着丝粒部位显示阳性C-带,但不同染色体的阳性C-带区域大小不同。     

云南割手密（Saccharum spontaneum）染色体数目及其地理分布研究

对８７份云南割手密无性系进行了染色体数目和植物学性状的观察，发现云南割手密染色体数目有２ｎ＝６０、６４、７０、８０四种类型。讨论了染色体倍性与植物学性状及地理分布的关系。     

三色堇染色体核型分析

三色堇(garden pansy)Viola tricolor var. hortensis体细胞染色体数2n=2x=26,核型公式是2n=26=14m(4SAT) 6sm 2st 4T,按Stebbins核型分类原则,三色堇核型属于2C型,在进化上属于进化程度高的类型。     

家鸡(Gallus domesticus)和鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix)染色体核型及G带比较分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法和胰酶处理法，对家鸡和鹌鹑染色体的核型和G带进行了研究。结果表明，家鸡和鹌鹑染色体数目均为2n=78，但染色体的形态存在明显差异，主要表现在NO．1、NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体上。NO．1染色体，家鸡为m型，而鹌鹑为sm型；NO．4、NO．6、NO．8和Z染色体，家鸡分别为sm、sm、m、m型，而鹌鹑全为t型。G带分析结果显示，家鸡和鹌鹑的G带差异主要反映在NO．1、NO．2染色体上，这可能是由于臂间倒位所致。     

禽类性别决定与分化相关基因的研究进展

禽类的性别决定机制迄今尚无定论,目前较为公认的有以下几种假说:一是W染色体上携带性别决定基因(类似于哺乳动物的SRY)决定着个体的雌性化发育;二是Z染色体上某些基因的过表达(即不受剂量补偿效应限制)引发了个体的雄性化发育;三是前2种机制共同作用。已知禽类的性别决定候选基因有W染色体上的FET1、ASW和Z染色体上的DMRT1基因。此外,常染色体上的许多基因也参与禽类的性别决定和分化过程,如SOX9,AMH,cFOXL,CYP19A1等。     

酸枣的染色体核型分析

应用去壁低渗法对２个酸枣类型的染色体数目，核型等研究的结果表明，它们的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４，酸枣属于小梁色体植物，两者核型类型均属１Ｂ型，本研究不仅丰富了酸枣的核型资料，并且首次发现酸枣的核型中存在高等植物少见的１Ｂ核型。     

龙须草核型研究

本文首次报道国产龙须草（Eulaliopsis binata）的染色体核型。龙须草的体细胞染色体数目是：2n=40；核型公式2n=go=38m＋2m（sat）。并讨论了龙须草的倍性等核型特点。     

大花萱草品种染色体倍性鉴定及杂交亲和性研究

利用常规根尖压片法对14个大花萱草品种染色体的数目进行了鉴定,并研究了不同倍性大花萱草间的杂交亲和性。结果表明,摩洛歌之夏、光辉路线等5个品种为二倍体,2n=2x=22;新西兰I为三倍体,2n=3x=33;火绒、新西兰B等8个品种为四倍体,2n=4x=44;萱草相同倍性品种间杂交亲和,不同倍性品种间杂交亲和性较差,难以获得杂种后代。     

Cytological and genetical studies of a male sterile celery

Summary The inheritance and nature fo male sterility of a cerley (Apium graveolens L.) strain (MS1) is reported. Male sterility in MS1 is determined by a a recessive genotype for a single locus. Tests for linkage with the isozyme chromosome markers SDH-1 and PGM-1 were negative. MS1 male sterility was associated with a defective tapetum characterized by prominent vacuoles and premature degeneration. The stamens in the male sterile strain persisted in the flowers up to stigma receptivity, while in the male fertile plants they dropped before style expansion. The male sterile flowers produced normal amounts of nectar, resulting in cross pollination by various species of pollinators. It was estimated that the sterile strain produced 30% less seed than normal male fertile. Its possible use for hybrid celery seed production is discussed.Research supported by grants from the California Celery Research Board and BARD I-483-82.     

The effect of colchicine on triticale anther-derived plants: Microspore pre-treatment and haploid-plant treatment using a hydroponic recovery system

In cereals, chromosome doubling of microspore-derived haploid plants is a critical step in producing doubled haploid plants. This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of incorporation of colchicine in the induction medium for anther culture, and the effect of colchicine on anther culture-derived plants of triticale grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. In the latter case, chromosome doubling of adult sterile plants derived from anther culture of fourteen triticale populations was attempted, where androgenetic plants with non-dehiscent anthers were cloned and subjected to the colchicine treatment, and then grown with the aid of hydroponics. The hydroponic system provided optimal conditions for recovery of the affected haploids from the toxic effects of colchicine treatment and all colchicine-treated plants survived. A topcross-F₁ (TC₁F₁) population with timopheevii cytoplasm produced the highest percentage of plants with seed-set either due to chromosome doubling by colchicine (98%) or spontaneous doubling of chromosome number (15%). Colchicine-treated anthers performed inferior than control in both induction and regeneration phases. One of the key observation of this study was the reversal from reproductive stage back to the vegetative stage which in turn enabled further cloning of haploid plants under hydroponic conditions once they were identified as sterile. The one hundred percent survival rate of in vitro-derived plants, 100% survival rate of colchicine treated haploid plants and the high chromosome doubling success rate (X = 82.3) observed in this study imply that a temperature-controlled greenhouse with an hydroponic system provides an efficient environment for inducing chromosome doubling of haploid plants in cereals. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.