石鲽染色体核型分析

以石鲽(Kareius bicoloratus)成鱼为材料,采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,经Giemsa染色,拍照后进行核型分析。结果表明:石鲽的染色体核型为2n=48,48t,染色体臂数为NF=48,未发现多倍体现象,也未发现性染色体和随体。     

Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery of Pinus radiata with chromosome walking PCR method

In this paper, the basic principle of chromosome walking is presented and we used an actin gene of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) as an example to conduct upstream and downstream chromosome walking for EST sequences. The full genomic sequence (2154 bp) of the actin gene, including promoters 5′ UTR, CDS and 3′ UTR, was identified by chromosome walking. PCR amplification and DNA band sequencing from 200 unrelated radiata pine trees revealed a total of 21 SNPs for the actin gene, three in the promoter region, 15 in CDS and 4 in 3′ UTR. The results of this experiment provide a technical framework for SNPs discovery in none coding regions of candidate genes. __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27 (8): 1571–1576 [译自: 西北植物学报]     

四种药用植物的核型分析

四种药用植物的核型分析黄少甫赵治芬关键词豪猪刺接骨木芫荽箭舌豌豆染色体数目核型豪猪刺（ＢｅｒｂｅｒｉｓｊｕｌｉａｎａｅＳｃｈｎｅｉｄ．）为小檗科（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｄａｃｅａｅ）小檗属（Ｂｅｒｂｅｒｉｓ）植物，灌木。分布于贵州、湖北、四川等省海拔１０００...     

构树染色体制片效果影响因素与核型分析

于2017年10月采集广东省广州市的构树Broussonetia papyrifea种子5 000粒,2018年2月进行种子萌发,通过常规压片方法进行核型分析。结果表明,在2018年3月2日至5月9日的10:00-10:30,发育7 d的材料有丝分裂指数最高,相比于化学处理方法,用冰水混合物预处理12h时染色体形态更清晰易辨;解离10min时根尖细胞染色体分散较好。构树染色体数目为26条,为二倍体,核型公式为2 n=2 x=26 m,核型属于2A型。     

酸枣的染色体核型分析

应用去壁低渗法对２个酸枣类型的染色体数目，核型等研究的结果表明，它们的染色体数目为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４，酸枣属于小梁色体植物，两者核型类型均属１Ｂ型，本研究不仅丰富了酸枣的核型资料，并且首次发现酸枣的核型中存在高等植物少见的１Ｂ核型。     

不同预处理方法对柠檬桉染色体制片技术的影响

以柠檬桉种子的根尖为研究材料,通过比较了3种浓度的秋水仙素、2 mmol·L-1的8-羟基喹啉、冰水混合物及以不同比例冰水混合物和0.1%的秋水仙素的混合液等预处理,在多个时间梯度对柠檬桉根尖染色体制片的影响进行了研究,结果发现：3种浓度秋水仙素预处理中,0.1%秋水仙素预处理1.5 h的染色体浓缩适中,分散性好,有较多的分裂相;2 mmol·L-1的8-羟基喹啉预处理的染色体均分散性较差,且分裂相较少;冰水混合物预处理12 h 的染色体浓缩适中且分裂相较多,分散程度较好。其余处理时间的染色体浓缩程度不理想,不易进行染色体分析;混合液中2：3比例下的染色体分散性较好,且浓缩程度适中,有较多的分裂相,综合比较结果由优到劣的处理方法为：0.1%秋水仙素预处理1.5 h＞2：3混合液＞冰水混合物处理12 h＞2 mmol·L-1的8-羟基喹啉,其中在上午11：30—12：30取材,0.1%的秋水仙素处理根尖1.5 h,效果最佳。     

广宁红花油茶根尖压片制作技术

广宁红花油茶在广东、广西等原生地种植容易获得高产,具有良好的遗传改良潜力。文章以广宁红花油茶为对象,探索了适用于荧光原位杂交技术中的染色体制片技术,并与传统的染色体压片制作技术进行比较,总结了一套节省时间、技术要求较低和效果较好的染色体根尖压片制作技术,可用于广宁红花油茶的细胞学研究,为开展分子染色体工程育种以及基因组分析奠定技术基础。     

Wheat x pearl millet hybridization: consequence and potential

Summary Eight grain pearl millet (2n=14) accessions were crossed as male to hexaploid spring wheat cv. Fukuho (2n=6x=42). An average of 80% wheat pistils showed pearl millet pollen tube entry in the ovules, compared to 56% in wheat x maize cv. Seneca 60 cross. Of the 15 embryos, obtained through in vitro immature seed culture from wheat x pearl millet crosses, 3 plantlets were produced and grown to maturity. These three were of the somatic chromosome constitution 2n=42, 21 and 22, respectively. Haploid wheat plant (2n=21) apparently originated from pearl millet chromosome elimination during embryogenesis. The 22 chromosome plant had retained a single pearl millet chromosome at tillering stage, but this chromosome was eliminated from pollen mother cells prior to and also during gamete formation. The significance and potential uses of this wide cross is discussed.     

Comparison of the isozyme variation in tall fescue parents and their somaclones

Summary This study was conducted using the isozymes ACP-1, ADH-1, GOT-2, GOT-3, MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2 to: a) compare isozyme banding patterns of tall fescue somaclones with parents and b) correlate tissue culture-induced chromosome abnormalities with variant banding patterns. The 174 somaclones were grouped into seven categories based on their meiotic analyses and time of regeneration from culture. Differences in isozyme frequency between categories compared by chi-square tests were greatest for MDH, 6-PGD-1 and PGI-2, and least for ACP-1. The most significant differences in frequency were found between somaclones and parents. In comparisons of somaclone categories, the most different isozyme distributions were between the early vs. late regenerated somaclones. No significant differences in isozyme frequencies were found between all 42-chromosome somaclones vs. aneuploid somaclones and the three somaclone groups (42-normal, 42-abnormal, aneuploid) compared to each other. This study suggests that culture-induced isozyme variation alters the distribution of the isozyme phenotypes, but is not directly correlated with chromosome abnormalities.     

Genomic Relationships of Triticum sharonense with Other S-Genome Diploid Triticum Species

Triticum sharonense was hybridized with autotetra-ploid T. speltoides, T. longissimum and T. bicorne. Meiotic analysis of these hybrids showed that T. sharonense is almost equally related to both T. speltoidcs and T. longissimum, while it is comparatively distant from T. bicorne. Therefore, this study does not support treating T. sharonense as a subspeies or variety of T. lottgissimum.