Preliminary study of patients with chronic mountain sickness by GC-TOF-MS based serum metabolomics analysis

AIM: To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Pla-teau.METHODS: A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences. The native Tibetan CMS patients (n=10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n=10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study. The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS: The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed. A list of differential metabolites and several top altered metabolic pathways have been identified. The levels of fumaric acid, an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients, suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area. Other differential metabolites, such as methyl phosphate, 2-ketoadipate, lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified. Importantly, the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values, indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS. Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine, glycine, serine, L-cysteine, citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group, yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid, oxamic acid, lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group. At the same time, the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients. High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.     

Polymerisation of gluten proteins in developing wheat grain as affected by desiccation

The breadmaking quality of wheat is affected by the composition of gluten proteins and the polymerisation of subunits that are synthesised and accumulated in developing wheat grain. The biological mechanisms and time course of these events during grain development are documented, but not widely confirmed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to monitor the accumulation of gluten protein subunits and the size distribution of protein aggregates during grain development. The effect of desiccation on the polymerisation of gluten proteins and the functional properties of gluten were also studied. The results showed that the size of glutenin polymers remained consistently low until yellow ripeness (YR), while it increased during grain desiccation after YR. Hence, this polymerisation process was presumed to be initiated by desiccation. A similar polymerisation event was also observed when premature grains were dried artificially. The composition of gluten proteins, the ratios of glutenin to gliadin and high molecular weight-glutenin subunits to low molecular weight-glutenin subunits, in premature grain after artificial desiccation showed close association with the size of glutenin polymers in artificially dried grain. Functional properties of gluten in these samples were also associated with polymer size after artificial desiccation.     

金属表面处理用混合硅烷体系中硅烷水解度的测定

硅烷工作液的水解度数据可为建槽过程中浓缩液稀释倍数以及硅烷工作液循环利用研究提供重要依据。以双-（3-三甲氧基硅基丙基）胺（BAS）和乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷（VTAS）的混合体系为研究对象,异丙醇为内标物,采用气相色谱内标法对BAS/VTAS体系中两种硅烷的水解产物CH₃OH和CH₃COOH的浓度进行精确定量,并通过计算得到两种硅烷的水解度数据。该方法的有效性采用红外光谱法、极化曲线和CuSO₄点蚀法进行验证。结果表明：气相色谱法能够有效、快速地表征BAS/VTAS混合体系中两种硅烷的水解度,其结果可作为硅烷水解液性能评判的定量依据。     

农产品中白藜芦醇的高效液相色谱标准化测定方法研究

旨在建立同时测定花生衣、葡萄皮、苜蓿、虎杖、藜芦等农产品中白藜芦醇含量的高效液相色谱标准化测定方法。色谱分析条件如下:以Waters Atlantis T3-C18色谱柱(4.6×150mm,3μm)分离,柱温40℃;以乙腈:0.1%乙酸溶液(体积比为26:74)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长306 nm。花生衣、葡萄皮、苜蓿中白藜芦醇含量的检出限均为0.6μg/g,定量限均为2.0μg/g;虎杖、藜芦中白藜芦醇含量的检出限均为7.5μg/g,定量限均为25μg/g。方法学考察结果显示符合含量测定要求。该方法操作简便、快速,结果可靠,重现性好,可用来研究农产品中白藜芦醇的含量。     

油菜薹和蕾中硫代葡萄糖苷组分及含量分析

采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法,对30个油菜品种薹和蕾中硫代葡萄糖苷(glucosinolate,简称硫苷)的组分及含量进行测定。结果表明:30个油菜品种的总硫苷含量变异范围较大,在21.67～119.29μmol·g^-1之间;大多数油菜品种蕾中的硫苷含量高于薹,蕾中硫苷含量均值为37.26μmol·g^-1,薹中为28.06μmol·g^-1;薹和蕾中的硫苷组分相似,均以4-戊烯基硫苷和2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷为主要成分,两者在薹和蕾中的含量分别占总硫苷含量的46.24%、28.52%和45.19%、29.13%。进一步分析高、中、低硫苷含量油菜品种的硫苷组分及含量,结果表明油菜不同品种间硫苷含量的差异主要是由4-戊烯基硫苷引起的。     

A型肉毒毒素Hc基因的原核表达、纯化及单抗的制备

在大肠埃希茵中高效表达的重组A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原,是以包涵体形式存在.溶解后的包涵体溶液经过处理,用镍柱亲和层析法纯化,得到纯度约为90%的融合蛋白.利用纯化的重组抗原BoNTa免疫Balb/c小鼠,获得分泌抗BoNTa特异性的3株杂交瘤细胞株2A2、4F7和2A8,其单抗鉴定均为IgG1亚型,滴度达到1:105.高纯度和活性单抗的获得为毒素检测试剂盒的研究奠定了基础.     

氟苯尼考纳米晶在鸡体内的药动学

氟苯尼考(florfenicol, FFC)是新型动物广谱抗菌剂,抗菌效果好,广泛应用于牛、羊、猪、水产及禽类等动物细菌性疾病的防制。本试验旨在研究FFC和氟苯尼考纳米晶(florfenicol nanocrystal, FFC-NC)在鸡体内的生物利用度。采用交叉试验法,鸡用药后,在不同时间点翅下静脉采血,利用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定血浆中FFC含量。结果显示,此试验所建立的HPLC色谱图基线平稳,血浆峰与FFC峰完全分离。回收率和精密度均符合测定要求,重复性好,适用于鸡血浆FFC含量测定。药动学参数结果显示,与FFC组相比,FFC-NC组的达峰时间t_max为(0.875±0.137) h,峰时缩短,药时曲线下面积AUC₍(0-∞))和峰浓度C_max分别为(23.957±2.338) mg/(L·h)和(8.249±0.713) mg/L,FFC-NC组的相对生物利用度是FFC组的3.6倍。结果表明,FFC-NC的药动学特征较FFC均...     

基于近红外高光谱图像的黄瓜叶片色素含量快速检测

利用高光谱图像技术和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)快速检测了新鲜黄瓜叶中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素4种色素含量。采集了120片黄瓜叶的近红外高光谱图像数据以及用HPLC精确测定黄瓜叶中色素含量;提取高光谱图像中50×50像素感兴趣区域(ROI)的平均光谱与4种色素含量分别建立偏最小二乘(PLS)预测模型;为了提高模型的稳定性和预测精度,分别采用区间偏最小二乘(iPLS)、向后区间偏最小二乘(BiPLS)和联合区间偏最小二乘(SiPLS)对各种色素对应的特征波段进行优选,同时对光谱划分数进行了优化。结果表明BiPLS和SiPLS对应模型的预测效果较好,对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素4种色素的预测集相关系数RP分别为0.825 7、0.813 4、0.811 6、0.826 2。     

基于AHP和ArcGIS的北京市农业节水区划研究

在总结国内外学者农业节水分区先进经验的基础上,结合北京市农业生态节水发展实际,充分考虑自然条件、水资源状况、工程管理和社会经济状况等,构建涵盖干旱指数、地下水超采、土壤类型、节水灌溉率、农民人均收入在内的北京市农业节水分区指标体系,分析各指标空间分布规律,界定各指标的分级标准,并划定相应分区。采用层次分析法(AHP)对各指标分级赋值,利用ArcGIS软件中的叠加分析功能将图层按权重叠加,对分区重分类并相应赋值,将各影响因素的分值和权重相乘并求和得到最终的评分结果,按照评分结果将北京市划分为农业节水优先发展区、农业节水适宜发展区和农业节水鼓励发展区,根据分区结果提出相应工程节水及农艺节水措施。