超快速高效液相色谱法测定普通白菜中16种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

研究应用超快速高效液相色谱仪柱后衍生荧光检测器同时测定普通白菜中16种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。对流动相组成、波长选择、梯度洗脱等条件进行比较研究,建立了样品经乙腈提取,SPE-NH2固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱柱后衍生分离,荧光检测(λex＝339 nm, λem＝445 nm)测定,外标法定量的检测方法。研究表明：基于液相色谱荧光检测条件,16种农药残留在0.025～1.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好;检出限0.002～0.010 mg/L;平均加标回收率73.0%～103.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.5%～8.8%。该研究确定的方法具有检测范围广、快速、灵敏、准确、重现性好、易推广等特点。     

Carbamate poisoning in a dairy goat herd: Clinicopathological findings and therapeutic approach

Abstract

CASE HISTORY: Approximately 1 hour after the consumption of carnations from a nearby glasshouse 55 animals from a dairy goat herd exhibited signs of possible poisoning.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Upon clinical examination affected animals exhibited signs of salivation, tympany, tachypnoea, polydipsia, urination, diarrhoea, bradycardia, miosis, tremor and convulsions. As poisoning from an acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide was suspected, treatment with atropine sulphate was initiated at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg bodyweight. The treatment was repeated for some animals that relapsed, and was effective in all cases, with the exception of one goat kid that died.

DIAGNOSIS: Necropsy of the goat kid showed pulmonary oedema and congestion of internal organs. Toxicological analysis of stomach contents and liver of the dead animal, as well as of the carnations, revealed high concentrations of carbamates.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carbamate poisoning after consumption of polluted feedstuffs or glasshouse products can be fatal for dairy goats. Atropine sulphate, at 0.3 mg/kg, can be useful in treating this condition.     

杀螺药物研究──碳酸酯、氨基甲酸酯类化合物的合成及其构效关系初步探讨

合成了碳酸酯类化合物23个和苯氨基甲酸苯酯类化合物7个。杀螺初筛试验发现，8个碳酸酯化合物具有杀螺活性，其中，化合物I1和I11，10ppm的杀螺率为100％和96．7％。碳酸苯酯的苯环上，用硝基或3个以上的氯原子取代，有利于增强该类化合物的杀螺作用。杀螺效果较好的三氯苯碳酸酯改变成同电异素体类似物，苯氨基甲酸酯后，杀螺作用明显下降。     

黄瓜番茄中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的高效液相色谱测定

研究了采用高效液相色谱(配荧光检测器和柱后衍生系统)同时测定黄瓜、番茄中三羟基克百威、速灭威、残杀威、克百威、甲奈威、异丙威、抗蚜威、仲丁威等8种氨基甲酸酯类农药的多残留分析方法,对每种农药均做3种不同浓度0.05、0.1、0.5 mg.kg-1的添加回收率试验。结果表明,该方法对于8种农药的回收率为70%~105%,变异系数在10%之内,最小检出限为0.001 0~0.007 5 mg.kg-1。     

2-硫代-1,3-噻唑烷-3-甲酸酯的合成及生物活性

为了寻找新的含噻唑杂环的先导化合物,利用2-硫代-1,3-噻唑烷与氯甲酸酯在三乙胺存在下进行缩合反应,合成了11个2-硫代-1,3-噻唑烷-3-甲酸酯类化合物,并利用1H NMR、IR、 MS及元素分析对其结构进行了表征;通过X-ray单晶衍射测定了2-硫代-1,3-噻唑烷-3-甲酸苯酯( 3i )的晶体结构,证实反应产物为硫酮式而非硫酯式结构。 初步生物活性试验结果表明,在试验浓度下部分目标化合物具有一定的杀菌和杀虫活性,其中 3c、3f、3h、3k 在500 mg/L下对棉红蜘蛛Tetranychus urticae的致死率均在70%以上。     

QuEChERS前处理—高效液相色谱仪检测多种蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸酯农药残留

探讨运用简便高效的前处理方法—QuEChERS,使用高效液相色谱—柱后衍生荧光法分别测定普通蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸酯多类农药的含量。结果表明:10种农药的检出限为0.008~0.010 mg/kg,加标回收率在91.2%~102.0%,相对标准偏差为0.98%~4.90%。此方法选择性强,有机溶剂用量少,准确可靠、准确度和精密度好,比较适合只配备液相色谱仪的基层实验室用于普通蔬菜水果中常用农药多残留快速检测。     

N-甲基氨基甲酸-8-喹啉酯农药的研制

介绍了用光气、8-羟基喹啉和甲胺合成N-甲基氮基甲酸-8-喹啉酯的方法.通过光谱分析,产品与预测结构一致,它属于氮基甲酸酯类新农药.防效测定,对稻飞虱成虫有良好防治效果,有效期为15～20d;对棉蚜防治,效果可达95％以上.为氨基甲酸酯类新农药的研制,提供了参考依据.     

A Collaborative Evaluation of LC-MS/MS Based Methods for BMAA Analysis: Soluble Bound BMAA Found to Be an Important Fraction

Exposure to β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) might be linked to the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Analytical chemistry plays a crucial role in determining human BMAA exposure and the associated health risk, but the performance of various analytical methods currently employed is rarely compared. A CYANOCOST initiated workshop was organized aimed at training scientists in BMAA analysis, creating mutual understanding and paving the way towards interlaboratory comparison exercises. During this workshop, we tested different methods (extraction followed by derivatization and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, or directly followed by LC-MS/MS analysis) for trueness and intermediate precision. We adapted three workup methods for the underivatized analysis of animal, brain and cyanobacterial samples. Based on recovery of the internal standard D₃BMAA, the underivatized methods were accurate (mean recovery 80%) and precise (mean relative standard deviation 10%), except for the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya. However, total BMAA concentrations in the positive controls (cycad seeds) showed higher variation (relative standard deviation 21%–32%), implying that D₃BMAA was not a good indicator for the release of BMAA from bound forms. Significant losses occurred during workup for the derivatized method, resulting in low recovery (<10%). Most BMAA was found in a trichloroacetic acid soluble, bound form and we recommend including this fraction during analysis.     

3种麻醉药对家兔麻醉效果的观察

将25只家兔随机分成5组,每组5只,各组分别为耳缘静脉注射生理盐水[3 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射25%乌拉坦[4 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射3%戊巴比妥钠[1 mL/(kg·BW)]组、耳缘静脉注射陆眠宁[0.2 mL/(kg·BW)]组、肌肉注射陆眠宁[0.2 mL/(kg·BW)]组。观察试验过程中动物麻醉诱导时间、麻醉维持时间及外科麻醉期一般状况;外科麻醉期0 h、外科麻醉期0.5 h与苏醒时的呼吸和心率。结果显示,陆眠宁效果较好,尤以陆眠宁肌肉注射麻醉维持时间较长,麻醉时家兔的呼吸、心率变化较小,提示对家兔进行麻醉时宜采取肌肉注射陆眠宁的方式,剂量为0.2 mL/kg。