辣椒疫霉菌在土壤中消长动态研究

为有效防治辣椒疫霉病，对辣椒疫霉病田土壤进行了病菌分离、菌株配对培养、越冬存活形式等研究。结果表明：病田土壤中的疫霉菌数量有明显的季节性变化。以5-8月最多，冬季和初春最少；湖南长沙地区疫霉菌的配对型有A2和A1A2两种类型，多以卵孢子形态在土壤中越冬；病田土壤和植物病残体是辣椒疫霉病最主要的初侵染源。     

短时低温胁迫对甜椒叶绿体超微结构和光系统的影响

 通过测定荧光参数、膜脂脂肪酸组成、活性氧及相关清除酶活性，研究了短时低温（4 oC）胁迫对冷敏感甜椒叶片光系统的影响。结果表明，6 h低温弱光（100 μmol·m-2·s-1）胁迫结束时光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）下降35.6%，氧化态的P700下降约60%，而暗中低温处理对二者没有影响。低温弱光胁迫对膜脂脂肪酸组成和叶绿体超微结构的影响均比暗中低温胁迫严重，而活性氧清除酶的活性有所下降，活性氧积累。因此，叶绿体膜系统的完整性与活性氧积累之间可能存在一定的相互关系。低温弱光胁迫引起了PSII和PSI的光抑制，而活性氧的积累可能是氧化态P700下降的一个原因，而且PSI对低温弱光比PSII表现得更敏感。     

弱光对不同基因型辣椒坐果和果实品质的影响

在塑料拱棚中通过人工遮光模拟弱光环境(35%光强),研究了弱光对8个不同基因型辣椒坐果和果实品质的影响。结果表明:弱光下辣椒单株产量、坐果率、单株坐果数、果实硬度显著下降,可溶性固形物、维生素C和可溶性糖含量减少,但单果重、果形指数和果实含水量增加。弱光下辣椒果实叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量增加,叶绿素a/b比值下降。不同甜椒(果实味甜)与辣椒(果实味辣)材料对弱光的适应性上存在差异。     

水杨酸诱导辣椒抗疫病生化机制的研究

对水杨酸(SA)处理及其挑战接种辣椒疫霉菌的4个抗性不同的辣椒品系体内木质素含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的测定结果表明:SA诱导的供试品系与未经诱导的相同品系相比,木质素含量增高,PPO、POD、PAL活性增强,其中木质素的含量与抗病性呈显著正相关;挑战接种后两者相比,SA处理的供试材料的木质素含量和PPO、POD、PAL活性的增强幅度更大,其中抗、耐病品系的增加早且增加幅度高于感病、高感品系。值得注意的是,经SA诱导的各供试品系接种后木质素含量与抗病性也呈显著相关。木质素含量与相关酶活性的上述变化趋势与SA对各品系的诱抗效果完全吻合。     

冷害对甜椒果实外部形态及细胞结构的影响

甜椒(Capsicum annuum L.)冷害初始症状在外观上表现为针眼状下陷斑点,随着冷害的加重,斑点扩大,并产生褐变。高湿度条件下冷害症状为锯齿状下陷斑痕。但高湿度可降低甜椒果实冷害发生率。在冷害温度(3℃)下,甜椒细胞结构的变化先于外观形态变化。其变化规律为表皮细胞首先发生质壁分离现象,同时细胞扁平化,最终导致果实表面下陷。     

Combining Ability Analyses of Net Photosynthesis annuum Rate in Pepper （Capsicum annuum L.）

In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by （1/2） n （n- 1） diallel crosses. There are relatively large differences not only in general combining ability （GCA） effect among different parents and at different phases of flowering and fruit setting, but also in specific combining ability （SCA） effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws have been found in the relationship between SCA effects and maturity of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than those of GCA. Heritability is less but influence of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases has showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at the medium phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at the early phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at the early phase but to plant characters and fruit characters at the late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than those of GCA. The combining abilities of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting are positively correlated with those of yield per plant. The combining ability is an important parameter of breeding of high photosynthesis hybrid pepper varieties.     

哈茨木霉对辣椒生长的影响

 在田间用哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)制剂处理土壤,栽培辣椒,结果表明:哈茨木霉不但对辣椒疫霉（Phytophthora capsici）和尖镰孢（Fusarium oxysporum）引起的根腐病具有一定的防病作用,而且能促进植株生长,提前开花、挂果,提高产量15％左右。     

辣椒育苗基质配方施肥的研究

采用３因素２次通用旋转组合设计法，研究辣椒育苗基质的配方施肥技术，建立了配方配方优化模型，并计算出适合于重庆地区辣椒育苗基质的施肥方案。即尿素０．８８ｋｇ／ｍ＾３，过磷酸钙２０ｋｇ／ｍ＾３和不施钾肥。     

辣椒抗根结线虫基因Me3的精细定位

 以含Me3基因的抗根结线虫辣椒自交系‘HDA149’为父本,感根结线虫辣椒自交系‘8214’为母本,构建了一个2 133株的F2作图群体。采用群体分离分析法（Bulked Segregant Analysis,BSA）,构建抗、感病两个DNA池,对由两亲本筛选出来的285对引物进行扩增分析,发现引物SSCP_B322和EPMS658在抗、感池间具有稳定的多态性。继续用这两对引物对F2单株进行扩增,以JoinMap 3.0软件分析发现SSCP_B322和EPMS658标记位于Me3基因两侧,遗传图距分别为0.56 cM和1.33 cM。运用回交群体BC1和F3群体验证实了这两个标记,可有效用于辣椒抗线虫分子标记辅助育种,也为图位克隆Me3基因奠定了基础。     

辣椒黄绿苗不育系叶片光合色素变化及酶活性研究

研究了辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)黄绿苗胞质雄性不育系(YBM-A6)、保持系(YBM-B6)及绿苗(96-140)的叶绿素变化及叶片酶活性。从幼苗期到成株期三者的叶绿素含量呈逐步增加的变化趋势,绿苗叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜含量都远高于黄绿苗,但黄绿苗叶片叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素/叶绿素(a+b)(除结果期外)的比值都远大于绿苗。黄绿苗叶片中游离脯氨酸含量均高于绿苗,但其含量变化趋势相同;黄绿苗叶片中过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性变化趋势与绿苗相同;YBM-A6叶片过氧化氢酶活性均低于其保持系YBM-B6,过氧化物酶活性则高于其保持系,超氧化物歧化酶活性在开花结果盛期明显高于保持系YBM-B6和96-140。说明叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量和变化与辣椒黄绿苗的叶色变化有关,酶活性变化可能与黄绿苗胞质雄性不育系YBM-A6的不育有关。