基于修正A值法的西安市大气环境容量估算

估算西安市大气环境容量,为西安市大气总量控制提供科学依据.应用国标<制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法>(GB/T 13201-91)中规定的以箱模型为基本模型推导出的宏观总量控制A值法.西安市SO2、NO2和PM10大气环境容量分别为11.38、12.04及4.83,单位为104t/a.估算结果表明,SO2和NO2...     

Regional and temporal differentiation of virulence phenotypes of Puccinia triticina from common wheat in Russia during the period 2001–2018

Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, is one of the most damaging rust diseases of wheat in Russia. Populations of P. triticina were monitored in seven regions of Russia from 2001 to 2018, with a total of 5,191 single urediniospore isolates from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) being analysed. Populations have changed significantly in all regions since 2012, after 2 years of drought (2010–2011). Regional collections of P. triticina were also significantly different between the two periods 2001–2009 and 2012–2018, with changes along two geographic gradients from West Siberia to the north-west and south-west (North Caucasia) of the European part of Russia. All tested isolates were avirulent to resistance gene Lr9 in 2001–2009 but, since 2010, virulence to Lr9 has occurred and annually increased in the Asian part of Russia (Ural and West Siberia) due to deployment of cultivars with the Lr9 gene. Virulence to Lr2a and Lr15 was considerably lower in Dagestan (6%–33%) and all European regions (35%–67%) than in Asian regions (84%–96%). During 2001–2009, virulence on Lr1 was also lower in Dagestan (33%) and the European regions (50%–77%) than in Asia (91%–96%); however, by 2012–2018, nearly all isolates were virulent on Lr1. Remarkable changes were observed in frequencies of P. triticina races defined by their virulence/avirulence to Lr1 and Lr2a genes. We postulate the P. triticina population in Dagestan is specific to that area and pathogen populations in European and Asian parts of Russia are distinct.     

外源GA_3对白桦成花基因影响的定量PCR分析

植物开花是高等植物由营养生长向生殖生长转变的重要生理过程,是个体发育和后代繁衍的中心环节。赤霉素是调节植物生长发育的五大激素之一(Takahashi et al.,1991),赤霉素处理也是人工调控植物成花的最有效途径之一,因而成为近年来成花     

杨树抗逆转录因子基因内SSR标记的开发

利用直接测序法开发小叶杨抗逆转录因子基因内一套新的核基因组SSR标记。通过对3个抗逆转录因子共21个成员在36个小叶杨基因型个体中的序列比较分析后共检测到31个SSR多态性位点,SSR出现的频率为1/1916bp。在小叶杨自然群体中,SSR多态性位点的碱基重复呈现出2～5碱基形式,基元重复次数变异范围为3～20次,其中以二碱基重复的位点较多,占总数的51.6%。在此基础上,依据SSR位点两侧的保守序列,设计31对SSR位点PCR扩增引物对。利用设计的引物检测所开发的SSR位点在杨属内22个基因型个体中PCR扩增的有效性及SSR位点的保守性。PCR扩增结果显示,93.5%的SSR位点能够在杨属内至少4个派内有效扩增,每对引物组合可检测到SSR多样性位点数3～12个,平均6个。基于抗逆转录因子基因内开发的SSR标记位点为分子标记辅助小叶杨抗逆性状育种提供工具。     

无瓣海桑根响应盐胁迫的转录组分析

目的 初步探究无瓣海桑的耐盐分子机制,筛选出无瓣海桑抗盐候选基因,为后续功能验证实验及林木抗盐性遗传育种奠定分子基础。 方法 以1年生无瓣海桑幼苗为材料,用500 mmol·L−1 NaCl分别处理0 d（对照组）和10 d（处理组）,取不同条件下的根部组织进行转录组测序,并结合三代全长转录组数据进行后续生物信息学分析。 结果 （1）与对照组相比,NaCl处理10 d后,无瓣海桑幼苗根系中共有14401个差异表达基因,其中,7153个上调,7248个下调。（2）GO分析发现,共有11068个差异基因在47个GO 条目得到注释。（3）在KEGG富集分析中,共有6189个差异基因富集到134条通路,其中,共有14条通路显著富集（P值<0.01,Q值＜0.05）。（4）通过进一步对差异基因进行功能注释分析,共筛选出抗盐候选基因89个,其中,抗氧化基因24个,渗透调节物质基因22个,植物激素基因19个,蛋白激酶基因10个,转录因子基因14个。 结论 活性氧清除、渗透调节、植物激素、蛋白激酶及转录因子相关基因参与调控无瓣海桑盐逆境适应过程。     

连续刚构箱梁桥温度场及温度效应的研究

分析温度荷载类型,指出温度荷载是连续刚构箱梁桥产生裂缝的重要原因。结合某桥工程实际,在跨中截面布置了埋入式应变计,并对该桥应变进行了现场观测。对观测数据进行处理,求得适合某连续箱梁桥温度模式。在此基础上用该温度模式通过应用软件Ansys算出温度应力和温度变形,比较几种温度模式计算温度应力时的差异,说明了计算温度应力时选取合理的温度模式至关重要。