产奶量遗传潜力不同的荷斯坦犊牛在代谢刺激下的生理反应

按系统指数（ＰＩ：Ｐｅｄｉｇｒｅｅ Ｉｎｄｅｘ）的高低将１１９头北京荷斯坦犊牛分成两组（ＰＩ〉５００为高组，ＰＩ〈５００为低组），其中３８头犊牛（５头公牛的后代）具有高系谱指数，平均值为７１８．５，８１头犊牛（１０头公牛的后代）具有低系谱指数，平均值为４００．５。犊牛为３～６月龄，在禁食３４～３６ｈ状态下采血，检测它们血液中总蛋白（ＴＰ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、肌酸酐（ＣＲＥ）、游离脂肪酸（ＦＦＡ）的     

不同腌制方法对蕨菜主要化学指标的影响

蕨菜腌制过程中若干化学指标的变化，结果表明：经过腌制，蕨菜中ＶＣ和叶绿素含量显著下降，饱和盐水法腌制蕨菜两项指标高于干腌法；饱和盐水法和干腌法的亚硝峰出现分别在腌制后的１０５ｄ和１２０ｄ，峰值为４．０μｇ．ｇ－１和２１．４μｇ．ｇ－１，两种腌制方法的蕨菜ｐＨ值在７月份均因轻微发酵作用有所下降，但并未影响蕨菜的风味；饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜食盐含量在前１５ｄ迅速增加，６０ｄ达到平衡。从感官状态看，饱和盐水法的蕨菜组织较饱满，色泽黄绿，而干腌法的蕨菜表面皱缩，色泽褐绿；综合感官和化学指标以饱和盐水法腌制的蕨菜品质好于干腌法。     

我国市售虾酱产品品质分析与评价

为了解我国市售虾酱产品的品质现状，探究不同品种虾酱之间的品质差异，采集了32种市售虾酱，进行了感官评价和水分、盐分、蛋白质、氨基酸态氮等理化指标的检测，对品质相关数据进行了统计分析和主成分分析，并进一步采用电子鼻和气相–离子迁移谱(GC-IMS)对气味进行了分析。结果表明，市售虾酱色泽和质地差异相对较小，而气味差异较大。理化指标中，市售虾酱的氨基酸态氮含量变异系数为33.91%，离散程度最大。在主成分分析中，提取到3个主成分，累计方差贡献率达82.32%，表明能够涵盖虾酱品质的基本信息，水分、氨基酸态氮、气味是影响虾酱综合品质的关键指标。电子鼻聚类热图表明，在欧式距离4.03处可将32种虾酱聚为4类，原料是影响聚类的主要因素。对海银虾、蜢子虾和白虾3种原料的虾酱进行GC-IMS分析，共鉴定出63种挥发性成分，主要是醇类。研究结果可为虾酱产品品质评价与生产工艺改进提供参考。     

Irrigation Scheduling and Watermelon Yield Model for the Jordan Valley

A crop yield and soil water management simulation model (CRPSM) developed at Utah State University was modified, calibrated and tested using local weather data and field results from a trickle irrigation experiment with different mulching on watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ), carried out at the University of Jordan Research Station, in the Jordan Valley.
Simulated irrigation schedules were then applied with some of the four options provided by the model. The water yield index, WYI, introduced by B attikhi and H ill (1985) to select the most efficient schedule as based on yield and water use efficiency, was then determined. WYI ranged from 27 to 87. The field schedule, WM₂, had a WYI of 62. Whereas, the model provided a much better schedule, WM₇ (WYI = 86). WM₇ requires 17 irrigations of 2.0 cm per irrigation totaling a water supply of 44.1 cm with an irrigation season starting on April 7 to give a yield equivalent to the potential yield, 80.0 MT/ha. On the other hand, the best field schedule, WM₂ under transparent mulch, required 14 irrigations to provide 45.9 cm (including rainfall and soil moisture change), with a season starting on April 28 resulted in a yield of 68.8 MT/ha. So we can see that by using the same amounts of total water supply but with different schedule we can get the potential yield. The model has, therefore, provided few better schedules that can be tested in the field at lower costs before final recommendations are made.     

Interrelationships among Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Accessions Using RAPD Technique

The genetic relationships among 33 coconut germplasm accessions were analyzed using RAPD markers. The germplasm accessions were collected from various coconut growing regions viz. South Asia (SA), South East Asia (SEA), South Pacific (SP), Atantic and America, and Africa. Forty-five random primers produced a total of 399 polymorphic markers. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.031 to 0.392 and the Marker Index (MI) ranged from 6.28 to 0.031 among the primers. Based on the MI a set of 5, 10 and 15 informative and reproducible primers were identified. The mantel matrix correlation was calculated to compare the similarity matrices of a set of reproducible informative primers and global primers. There was significant correlation among the similarity matrices (r ≥ 0.50). The similarity matrix based on 399 polymorphic markers was used to construct the dendrogram to show the genetic relationship among the accessions. Similarity values ranged between 0.573 and 0.846. There was less genetic similarity (based on Jaccard's coefficient) among South Pacific and South East Asian accessions. The clustering pattern obtained in the present study was in agreement with the earlier reports based on RFLP, SSRs and AFLPs.     

Static home-based versus dynamic mobility-based assessments of exposure to urban green space

There is growing interest in urban green space exposure estimated dynamically by accounting for individuals’ mobility during daily life. We aimed to explore if daily green space exposure estimates based on individuals’ mobility substantially differ from static home-based exposure estimates, and to examine potential effect modification by personal (sex and work status) and temporal (weekends versus weekdays) characteristics. To assess the association between daily exposure to urban green space, we used home address and time-activity data collected from 1911 participants in western New York, US, using their GPS-enabled mobile phones. We abstracted both individuals’ home address based (home-based) and daily time activity based (mobility-based) green space exposures from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Then, we assessed the association between mobility-based and home-based exposure estimates using linear mixed effect regression models with subject-specific random effects. We also explored whether this effect was modified by individual-level characteristics, including work status and sex, as well as whether assessments took place on weekdays versus weekends. We found that daily dynamic exposure to urban green space based on individuals’ mobility was not substantially different from static exposure estimates based on one’s residence, but that there were statistically significant effect modifiers. Specifically, the correspondence between mobility-based and home-based exposure to green space was relatively lower for employed compared to unemployed participants, whereas their correspondence during weekends increased compared to weekdays. Our findings suggest that there is a strong correspondence between mobility-based and home-based exposure to urban green space, but that their associations are modified by personal and temporal characteristics. Further research is needed to confirm our finding for general population in other settings, such as different seasons and other regions.     

Phenotypic plasticity of two invasive alien plant species inside a deciduous forest in a strict nature reserve in Italy

ABSTRACT

Invasive alien plant species (IAPs) represent one of the main biological threats to biodiversity worldwide. Information about their phenotypic plasticity are needed to increase awareness about their future invasive potential. A study about phenotypic plasticity in response to contrasting light regimes and its quantification by a plasticity index (PI) of two IAPs (Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia) inside a Strict Nature Reserve was conducted. R. pseudoacacia showed a 70% higher PI, with a strongly greater value at morphological leaf level, associated with a greater ability to survive and grow in forest understory, explaining its greater widespread. Otherwise, A. altissima showed its highest PI at physiological level, which was associated with the ability to colonize and grow in environments with high-light regimes. Based on these results, the conservative management has limited the presence of A. altissima by its lower ability to grow in forest understory. In fact, the small-scale gaps in the forest infrastructure, that could allow its recruitment, are originated only from the death of a single tree or small group of trees. Regarding R. pseudoacacia, it is critical to maintain this type of management because any disturbances resulting in large openings could further promote its presence inside the Reserve.     

空气湿度对富士系苹果花过冷却点的影响

【目的】明确不同湿度条件下富士系苹果花过冷却点的分布频率,为苹果霜冻监测和预测提供参考。【方法】以中国种植最广泛的富士系苹果为研究对象,使用人工霜冻试验箱控制温湿度,模拟霜冻降温过程,设置高、中、低3个湿度范围,对富士系苹果花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点进行监测,研究环境相对湿度对富士系苹果花器官过冷却点的影响。【结果】富士系苹果花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点在-6.4^-1.9 ℃,50%的过冷却点集中在-4.4^-3.5 ℃,80%的过冷却点集中在-4.4^-2.5 ℃,平均过冷却点为-3.7 ℃。苹果花蕾和花朵子房的累积冻害率达到30%(轻度)的温度为-3.2 ℃,累积冻害率达到50%(中度)的温度为-3.6 ℃,累积冻害率达到80%(重度)的温度为-4.2 ℃。花蕾过冷却点的变异大于花朵子房过冷却点,不同湿度处理下花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点差异显著。中湿(相对湿度50%~70%)条件下,过冷却点最高,抗寒性最差,而低湿(相对湿度50%以下)和高湿(相对湿度大于70%)处理均可降低植株的过冷却点。【结论】-4.4^-2.5 ℃是富士系苹果花组织开始出现损伤的主要温度范围。干燥和高湿的环境均可降低富士系苹果花蕾和花朵的过冷却点,尤其是干燥的环境可降低苹果花蕾的过冷却点0.6 ℃,可降低苹果花朵子房的过冷却点0.4 ℃,提高苹果花蕾及花朵子房抗寒性。     

沾益区创建国家森林城市的思路与举措

分析沾益区在创建国家森林城市工作过程中的思路与举措,认为动员全民参与是“创森”工作的坚强后盾;确保工作经费,多方筹措资金是“创森”工作的动力来源;突出建设重点,完成创建指标实现是“创森”工作的最终目的;抓好森林资源保护,巩固工作成效是“创森”工作的安全保障;建好档案台账,完善痕迹管理使“创森”工作有据可查。     

不同提取方式下塔拉籽油提取率及其相关性质的研究

采用不同提取方式对塔拉籽油提取率、理化指标、脂肪酸构成进行测定的结果表明:在索氏、超声、超临界3种提取方式中,超临界在塔拉籽油的提取率和脱酸方面表现最好,相关理化指标的表现也较好;塔拉籽油脂含有棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、二十二碳酸等8种脂肪酸,不同提取方式对脂肪酸构成及含量无明显影响,超临界为塔拉籽油最优提取方式。