Safety issues of methylglyoxal and potential scavengers

The health safety of methylglyoxal (MGO) has been recognized as a key issue owing to its ultra-high reactivity toward some key biomolecules such as amino acids, proteins, DNA, sulfhydryl- and basic nitrogen-containing compounds, including amino-bearing neurotransmitters. In this review, we have summarized the endo- and exogenous sources of MGO and its accumulation inside the body due to high intake, abnormal glucose metabolism and or malfunctioning glyoxalases, and review the debate concerning the adverse functionality of MGO ingested from foods. Higher than normal concentrations of MGO in the circulatory system and tissues have been found to be closely associated with the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), increased oxidative stress, elevated inflammation and RAGE (AGE receptors) activity, which subsequently progresses to a pathological stage of human health, such as diabetes complications, cancer, cardiovascular and degenerative diseases. Having illustrated the mechanisms of MGO trapping in vivo, we advocate the development of efficient and efficacious MGO scavengers, either assisting or enhancing the activity of endogenous glyoxalases to facilitate MGO removal, or providing phytochemicals and functional foods containing them, or pharmaceuticals to irreversibly bind MGO and thus form MGO-complexes that are cleared from the body.     

水稻高代回交导入系优良株系抽穗扬花期耐冷性鉴定

[目的]从水稻高代回交导入系优良株系中筛选在抽穗扬花期耐冷性强或极强的株系,为抽穗扬花期耐冷水稻品种的育成打下基础.[方法]利用人工气候室控制的低温条件,测定146份水稻高代回交导入系优良株系在抽穗扬花期经平均温度18℃低温连续处理5d后的结实率,以相对结实率为鉴定指标进行耐冷性评价.[结果]从146份高代回交导入系优良株系中鉴定出在抽穗扬花期耐冷性极强(1级)、强(3级)、中(5级)和弱(7级)的株系材料分别有3、19、89和35份,分别占供试株系材料的2.06%、13.01%、60.96%和23.97%,无耐冷性极弱(9级)的株系材料.供试材料中,以籼稻优异种质为供体的高代回交导入系材料蕴含更多抽穗扬花期耐冷基因,以桂649为背景的株系材料耐冷性强于以测253为背景的株系材料,以中农127、中农128、中农139、中农143、中农145和中农146为供体的高代回交导入系出现耐冷性强或极强株系材料的频率较高.[结论]筛选出22份具有强恢复系遗传背景且耐冷性强或极强的优良株系,可作为优良耐冷亲本在水稻耐冷育种中应用.     

从数学文化的角度谈高等数学的教学

为了促进非数学专业的高等数学教学,提高学生的数学素养,应在高等数学教学中融入数学文化教学.数学文化在教学中的实施,应强调点滴渗透的原则,通过较熟悉的知识内容剖析、典型例题的讲解、不同教学方法的运用、对数学美的认识、应用能力的培养等具体措施,使数学文化融入教学之中,有效地促进高等数学的教与学.     

Use of traditional inputs and advanced industrial technology in value-added within the pulp and paper industry in india

This paper exploits the information obtained in Annual Survey of Industries during 1999–2010 to gauge the degree of value-added owing to the use of traditional inputs (capital, labor, energy, indigenous materials, and imported materials) and advanced industrial production technology (services, information and communications technology, and pollution control equipment) in two main sub-sectors of the Pulp and Paper (P&P) industry in India categorized according to use of different types of raw material. The panel data econometric exercise confirms that the use of traditional inputs and advanced industrial technologies, and industry level determinants of the two sub-sectors have varied effects on value-added within them. These findings are important for promoting higher value-added production in different sectors within the resource-based industry.     

Inhibitory effect of catalpol on inflammation and expression of RAGE in EA.hy926 cells induced by advanced glycation end products

AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effect of catalpol on inflammation in EA.hy926 cells induced by advanced glycation end products(AGEs) and to explore its antioxidant mechanisms.METHODS: Human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was cultured and randomly divided into control group, catalpol(0.5 mmol/L) group, AGEs group, high-dose(0.5 mmol/L) catalpol+AGEs group, middle-dose(0.25 mmol/L) catalpol+AGEs group and low-dose(0.05 mmol/L) catalpol+AGEs group. Intracellular reative oxygen species(ROS) production was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) in culture supernatant were detected by commercial ELISA kits. The expression of MCP-1, TNF-α, VCAM-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE) in the EA.hy926 cells were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: In high-dose catalpol+AGEs and middle-dose catalpol+AGEs groups, the generation of ROS was decreased significantly. The levels of MCP-1, TNF-α and VCAM-1, and protein expression of MCP-1, TNF-α and VCAM-1 were significantly lower. The expression of RAGE protein in EA.hy926 cells were significantly inhibited(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Catalpol effectively inhibits the AGEs-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in EA.hy926 cells, which may be associated with a decrease in the expression of RAGE.     

低比转速混流泵叶轮优化设计

针对传统的低比转速混流泵设计中对叶型径向参数变化规律研究不足的情况,提出了借鉴汽轮机轴流式叶片设计经验的方法.首先依据内流损失理论,分析了叶轮流道过流断面二次流形成的原因,再应用先进控制流理论,找到了削弱二次流的方法,然后在对叶片参数化建模的基础上,利用商用CFD软件NUMECA实现了叶型径向参数的优化设计,使泵效率有较大提高.实例计算表明,先进控制流理论是将内流分析与优化设计结合起来的有效方法,能够实现叶轮的快速高效设计.     

屠宰及肉类加工行业废水深度处理技术工艺研究

屠宰及肉类加工污水中COD、氨氮等浓度高,因此对污水处理技术工艺要求较高。研究废水深度处理技术工艺,通过试验及实例分析表明：二级生化处理后段加生物曝气池（BAF）深度处理工艺可有效去除水中污染物质,达到国家污水综合排放标准。     

Study on Start-up of the Combined Variable-Velocity Bio-filter for Advanced Wastewater Treatment

A full scale experiment was conducted on the start up of bio filter for advanced wastewater treatment. Under the low or high organic loading rate condition, the lasted time of starting up, primary contamination removal efficiency and influence of following operation were contrasted in the duration of bio filter starting up. Meanwhile, the starting up characteristics of the bio film were analyzed.     

面向21世纪的先进生产模式

具体分析了现代集成制造系统、精益思维、全能制造系统、分形企业、敏捷制造、知识网络化企业等面向２１世纪的先进生产模式的本质特征,指出了先进生产模式的共性及发展趋势,并就我国发展先进生产模式提出了几点看法。     

基于AutoCAD的三维塑料注射模具结构CAD系统的开发

阐述了一个三维塑料注射模具ＣＡＤ系统的整体开发方案,并通过对ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ的二次开发,详细说明了注射件尺寸向型芯,型腔尺寸的自动转换,建立注塑模标准零件库以及标准模架组合装配程序的开发方法。