Effects of ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin on production of ICAM-1 and E,P-selectin in acute lung injury

AIM: To study the production of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), E-selectin and P-selectin in serum, lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of acute lung injury(ALI) model and to observe the effects of ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin on the changes of the 3 factors above.METHODS: Twenty-four healthy rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal saline control group (NC), oleic acid injury group (OA), ambroxol+ heparin treatment group (AH). The rabbit ALI model was induced by oleic acid injection through auricular vein. Partial pressure of O₂ in artery(PaO₂) was analyzed.The concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were detected by ELISA.The apoptosis index(AI) was measured by TUNEL method.The expression of P-selectin was determined by immunohistochemical method.The ultrastructural changes of the lung tissues were observed under electron microscope, and the lung wet/dry ratio(W/D) was calculated.RESULTS: PaO₂ in AH group and OA group was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that in NC group, and PaO₂ in AH group was significantly higher than that in OA group (P<0.01). The concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin in serum, lung tissues and BALF, and AI and W/D in lung tissues in AH group were higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01) than those in NC group, and was lower than those in OA group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In NC group, no significant change of the above parameters at all time points was observed (P>0.05). In OA group, PaO₂ was significantly decreased (P<0.01) with the pathological process developed, and the concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were significantly increased. In AH group, PaO₂ was decreased (P<0.05),and the concentrations of ICAM-1 and E-selectin were increased with the process of ALI developed. The P-selectin expression in lung tissues of OA group was distributed mainly in inflammatory cells, capillary endothelial cells and plasma. From low to high levels, the order was NC group < AH group < OA group in the expression of P-selectin. The most obvious apoptosis was observed in OA group. No apoptosis or occasional positive cells were found in NC group. The apoptotic rate in AH group was significantly reduced compared with that in OA group.CONCLUSION: In ALI induced by OA, ICAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin are significantly increased and are involved in the occurrence and development of ALI. Ambroxol combined with low-dose heparin reduces the levels of ICAM-1, E-selectin and P-selectin, the pulmonary edema and the lung injury, improves pulmonary functions, and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of acute lung injury.     

影响木材粘接质量的因素及预防措施

论述了影响木材粘接质量的因素，提出了相应的预防措施。     

空穴负压现象的界面拉伸试验研究

应用类似于土壤粘附拉脱力试验的界面拉伸试验，证明了光滑表面的界面存在粘性物质时，如空气、水和黄油，界面介质在拉伸过程中将产生空穴负压现象，造成界面的粘附力增大；分析了空穴的形成、空穴膜的流动和破坏过程，并通过试验和高速摄影图片作了验证。     

磷脂酶C对血小板粘附性及表面膜GpIb的影响

采用旋转玻球法测定了磷脂酶C(PLC)经十二指肠给药后对家兔血小板粘附性的影响,同时利用竞争性酶联免疫法测定了PLC对人血小板表面膜糖蛋白Ib(GpIb)分子数的影响。结果表明,PLC冻干辅料及100和200U/kg的PLC对家兔血小板粘附率无明显影响,而400～1000U/kgPLC对血小板粘附率具有明显的影响。PLC冻干辅料对人血小板表面膜GpIb分子数没有明显影响,而每mL血浆(PRP)中加入0.5,1.0和2.0U的PLC对人血小板表面GpIb分子数可产生明显影响。     

双歧杆菌对病原菌粘附肉鸡肠粘液的影响

研究两歧双歧杆菌、禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌ATCC25922、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肉鸡不同肠段粘液糖蛋白的粘附性能，探讨两歧双歧杆菌对四种病原菌的粘附排斥作用。结果表明，在不同的肠道部位，两歧双歧杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌与肠粘液糖蛋白的粘附能力不同，而禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌ATCC25922在各肠段粘液上的粘附性能相近；在相同的肠道部位，所试菌与肠粘液糖蛋白的粘附能力有差异，其中两歧双歧杆菌的粘附作用最强；肠粘液糖蛋白经两歧双歧杆菌处理后，禽大肠杆菌O78、大肠杆菌ATCC25922和鸡白痢沙门氏菌的粘附作用受到抑制，而鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在十二指肠、空肠粘液上的粘附率未见下降。     

三氧化二砷影响人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤侵袭性和黏附性Syk机制

目的探讨三氧化二砷(arsenic trioxide,AS2O3)影响人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤侵袭性和黏附性Syk作用机制。方法成功建立人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,随机分为实验组(AS2O3)和对照组(生理盐水)。7d后观察肿瘤体积的变化,流式细胞术检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况及两组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达情况。结果实验组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤体积明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义;实验组荷瘤裸鼠肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组(P0.01);实验组ICAM-1表达明显高于对照组(P0.05);实验组MMP-9表达低于对照组(P0.05)。结论 AS2O3对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤具有明显的抑瘤作用,可降低肿瘤组织侵袭性增加其黏附性,其作用机制可能与蛋白酪氨酸激酶Syk的表达有关。     

波纹型推土板减粘降阻的有限元分析

对波纹型几何非光滑推土板与土壤相互作用进行了二维有限元分析，并通过表面应力、位移及土体中的应力场分析了其减粘降阻原因。为非光滑表面的减粘降阻机理的研究提供定量依据。     

人体消化道高抗逆性双歧杆菌的筛选

双歧杆菌是人体肠道的一种微生态调节剂,对人体消化道环境的抗逆性是其发挥抗肠道感染作用的关键。分别利用激光共聚焦显微镜,测定五株分别来源于药物和婴儿粪便的双歧杆菌对结肠癌细胞Caeo-2的黏附性,再通过耐酸和耐胆汁盐初筛,模拟胃液和模拟肠液复筛,筛选出消化道高抗逆性双歧杆菌L-1,其对Caco-2的黏附数为166±21黏附菌数／细胞;在pH3．0模拟胃液中作用2h后的存活率为72％;在胆汁盐浓度为0．2％的模拟肠液中24h,其存活率为14％。结果表明,五株双歧杆菌肠道抗逆性有所不同,L-1菌株消化道抗逆性能力最好,可用做微生态制剂菌株。     

Identification of Dynamic Changes in Proteins Associated with the Cellular Cytoskeleton after Exposure to Okadaic Acid

Exposure of cells to the diarrhetic shellfish poison, okadaic acid, leads to a dramatic reorganization of cytoskeletal architecture and loss of cell-cell contact. When cells are exposed to high concentrations of okadaic acid (100–500 nM), the morphological rearrangement is followed by apoptotic cell death. Okadaic acid inhibits the broad acting Ser/Thr protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, which results in hyperphosphorylation of a large number of proteins. Some of these hyperphosphorylated proteins are most likely key players in the reorganization of the cell morphology induced by okadaic acid. We wanted to identify these phosphoproteins and searched for them in the cellular lipid rafts, which have been found to contain proteins that regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion. By using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture cells treated with okadaic acid (400 nM) could be combined with control cells before the isolation of lipid rafts. Protein phosphorylation events and translocations induced by okadaic acid were identified by mass spectrometry. Okadaic acid was shown to regulate the phosphorylation status and location of proteins associated with the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and cell adhesion structures. A large number of these okadaic acid-regulated proteins have previously also been shown to be similarly regulated prior to cell proliferation and migration. Our results suggest that okadaic acid activates general cell signaling pathways that induce breakdown of the cortical actin cytoskeleton and cell detachment.     

Role of focal adhesion kinase expression in renal tissues of type 2 diabetic rats

AIM：To explore the dynamic change of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in renal tissues of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate its role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS：The rat model of T2DM was established and the diabetic rats were randomly divided into 8-week DM (DM8), 12-week DM (DM12) and 16-week DM (DM16) groups. Meanwhile, normal control (NC) and high-fat high-sucrose control (HC) groups were also established. The protein expression of FAK, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p-ERK1/2 and fibronectin (FN) was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein levels of FAK and p-FAK (Tyr397) were detected by Western blotting. The mRNA level of FAK in the renal cortex was examined by RT-PCR. RESULTS：The expression of FAK protein in renal tubular epithelial cells in DM12 and DM16 groups was significantly higher than that in NC, HC and DM8 groups (P<0.05). Moreover, TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2 and FN protein expression in DM groups was significantly increased compared with NC and HC groups (P<0.05). The levels of FAK and p-FAK (Tyr397) in the renal cortex in DM12 and DM16 groups were significantly up-regulated compared with NC, HC and DM8 groups (P<0.05), and the expression trend of p-FAK in different groups was in accordance with that of total FAK. The FAK protein expression was positively correlated with the expression of TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2 and FN proteins (P<0.01). Compared with NC, HC and DM8 groups, the expression of FAK mRNA increased remarkably in DM12 and DM16 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a possibility that FAK is activated as a downstream effector of TGF-β1 in T2DM, which enhances the expression of FN protein through activating ERK1/2, and therefore plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.