哲罗鱼人工繁育技术的初步研究

1997年于乌苏里江段采捕17尾2^ -4^ 龄（体重0.5-2kg）野生哲罗鱼（Hucho taimen）,在池塘环境下人工培育。2001年3月挑选3尾7^ 龄以上、体重超过5kg的雌性个体,用虹鳟脑垂体对其进行催熟。当水温在8℃以上时,胸腔注射人工合成催产药物进行繁殖试验。结果表明,在人工池塘养殖条件下,哲罗鱼性腺可发育至性成熟;催产药物HCG、S-GnRH-A和DOM的合剂可促使成熟的亲鱼排卵,效应时间11d,产卵量约在1100粒/kg,体重8.7kg和7.4kg雌鱼受精卵分别为56.3％和70.3％,孵化率分别为47.1％和66.7％。从卵受精到仔鱼孵出积温需要281.12TU,到仔鱼全部上浮摄食外源营养需要588.61TU;鱼苗生长到第29天时,开始摄食人工开口饲料。通过驯化养殖,86.7％的鱼苗可摄食人工饲料;鱼苗在水温8-17℃,溶氧7-10mg/L时能快速生长,低于这一温度生长开始减慢,4℃以下生长停滞。     

俄罗斯蓝靛果忍冬品种驯化选育研究

2005年秋季陆续从俄罗斯引进13个蓝靛果忍冬品种，经过连续几年的适应性、果实品质和栽培性状系统比较观测，将其中表现较好的 HL-03、Огненныйопал2C（落火岩2号）、Берель2C（别列里2号）3个品种在黑河市辖区内开展区域化试验，经各区试点连续4年观测试验分析，结果表明：落火炭2号、别列里2号表现出产量高、栽培性好、适应性强、抗病等优点。     

观赏植物黄栌快繁技术研究

以黄栌的当年生嫩枝茎段为外植体进行簇生芽诱导,对黄栌的快繁技术进行研究。结果表明,诱导簇生芽时,在M S+6-BA 2.0 m g/L+NAA 0.2 m g/L培养基上的诱导效果较好,分化率达100%;继代培养时,以M S+6-BA 1.0 m g/L+KT 0.5 m g/L+NAA 0.1 m g/L培养基的增殖倍数最高,达11.8倍;再生苗在1/2 M S+NAA 0.1 m g/L培养基上生长良好;在炼苗中,移栽基质以蛭石+森林土较好,其有助于小苗的后期生长。     

辣木组织培养试验

辣木种子消毒试验结果表明,用15%H2O2浸泡6～8 h、0.1%升汞处理25 min后将种子接种于MS培养基中,10d后种子发芽率达78.2%.组培试验结果表明,在MS 6-BA 0.10 mg/L KT 0.50 mg/L培养基中,辣木茎段产生大量不定芽,繁殖系数为6.0倍,芽生长良好;将不定芽切割后接种于MS 6-BA 0.10 mg/L KT 0.50 mg/L培养基中,增殖倍数可达4.8倍;在1/2MS IBA 0.1 mg/L培养基中,小苗生根率高达98%,平均单株生根数和根长分别为4.8条和2.0 cm;将生根苗移栽于珍珠岩 营养土(1∶2,V/V)的混合基质中,30 d后移栽成活率达80%.     

Impacts of in-stream acclimatization in post-stocking behaviour of European grayling in a Swedish stream

Abstract The post-stocking behaviour of hatchery-reared juvenile European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), with in-stream acclimatization in a pool for 4, 8, and 12 days before release was compared with fish released directly into a 370-m long seminatural stream during 1995 and 1996. The behaviour of these groups was compared with fish acclimatized for 16 h in a holding pen (0.7 m³) in a more fast-flowing part of the stream. All fish were released in the experimental stream at the same time. Initially groups of 30 individuals were compared, but this was reduced because of the mortality during acclimatization. Temporal and spatial distribution, feed intake in relation to sex and size of fish were followed for 7 days after release. Between 33 and 59% of all groups of fish released into the pool left the experimental area and were recaptured in a trap at the downstream end of the experimental stream. The acclimatization period had no significant influence on the percentage of fish moving downstream. Significantly more grayling left the stream from the holding pen (76.7%) than fish released in the pool (47.2%). Of the recaptured fish, 77% had been feeding. Fish recaptured within a week had lost more than 10% of their initial weight measured at the hatchery. Fish recaptured more than 2 weeks after release had lost a significantly smaller percentage of their initial weight compared with fish recaptured in the first 2 weeks. No differences were found in spatial distribution or feeding activity between sexes.     

山刺玫的引种驯化

本文对野生灌木山刺枚进行引种驯化和苗木调查，为治沙造林提供优良苗木。     

Use of humidity tents and antitranspirants in the acclimatization of tissue-cultured plants to the greenhouse

Film-type antitranspirants and a humidity tent were tested on tissue-cultured chrysanthemum and carnation plants in order to determine the most effective way to increase the vigor and survival of the plants at the time of transfer to a greenhouse. Phytotoxicity necessitated applying most antitranspirants at concentrations lower than that recommended by the manufacturers. Plants grown in the humidity tent were significantly larger and more vigorous than plants in any other treatment. Although a silicone formulation had the greatest effect in reducing transpiration and water stress in transferred plants, it had the adverse effect of stunting plant growth. All other treatments with antitranspirants were ineffective in improving vigor and survival of plants compared to controls.     

大花萱草组培苗的练苗技术

大花萱草幼嫩花梗切片接种于MS+6-BA 3.0～5.0mg/L+NAA 0.4～0.8 mg/L的培养基上诱导丛生芽,将丛生芽分割进行增殖培养和生根培养,根系长度3～5cm时在不同的练苗基质上进行驯化练苗。结果表明:基质配比①草炭土:珍珠岩=2:1,②草炭土:珍珠岩:沙土=1:1:1,③草炭土:沙土=1:1的3个基质组合均发根良好,成活率在95%以上,特别是③组合,沙土代替珍珠岩,既免去了冲洗珍珠岩的麻烦,减少珍珠岩粉尘的污染,又降低了成本。同时介绍了组培苗的常规练苗、冬季室内练苗、簇生苗练苗技术,以期为大花萱草组培苗的大面积推广提供理论依据。     

Plasticity of the properties of mitochondria from rainbow trout red muscle with seasonal acclimatization

Cold-acclimation of rainbow trout brings only limited changes in muscle metabolic capacities, but marked modifications in membrane composition. Thus, we examined whether the functional properties of mitochondria from trout red muscle were modified by seasonal temperature acclimatization. Mitochondria from fall-acclimatized trout had higher maximal capacities (state 3 rates) for the oxidation of pyruvate and acyl carnitines at 12 and 20 °C than mitochondria isolated from summer-acclimatized trout. For these substrates, the increased oxidative capacity completely compensated for the seasonal drop in temperature. Pyruvate and palmitoyl carnitine were consistently the preferred substrates, while decanoyl and octanoyl carnitine were oxidized at higher rates than glutamine, particularly in fall trout. State 4 rates of oxygen uptake (obtained when all ADP has been converted to ATP) differed less among substrates, but varied seasonally. State 4 rates at 12 and 20 °C were higher in mitochondria isolated from fall than summer trout. At low temperatures, the Q₁₀ of both maximal and state 4 rates of substrate oxidation tended to be higher for mitochondria from fall trout. The apparent Arrhenius activation energy (E_a) for mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation was higher in fall than summer trout whereas the E_as for palmitoyl carnitine and decanoyl carnitine oxidation did not change. The fatty acids of mitochondrial phospholipids from fall trout were more polyunsaturated than those from summer trout, with 12% more double bonds occurring than in summer trout, suggesting that membrane restructuring may be involved in the observed compensatory responses.