库尔勒香梨和新梨七号光合特性的研究

本试验以新梨七号和库尔勒香梨为试材，研究了2个梨品种的光合特性，分析比较了两品种光合作用的共性和特性，结果表明：新梨七号和库尔勒香梨晴天Pn日变化为典型的中午降低型双峰曲线，表现出明显的“午休”现象，阴天条件下新梨七号和库尔勒香梨为单峰曲线。新梨七号“午休”现象较库尔勒香梨明显，且在阴天弱光条件下光合能力强于库尔勒香梨。新梨7号光饱和点和光补偿点分别约为1392和42μmol／（m^2·s），表观量子效率为0．0482mol／mol。新梨七号和库尔勒香梨在可利用光强范围、光合效率、光合能力上存在显著差异。新梨七号叶片在中午高光强下或经强光处理后发生光抑制现象，表观量子效率（AQY）和净光合速率（pn）显著降低。强光胁迫对新梨七号的影响明显大于库尔勒香梨。     

苦瓜未授粉子房的胚状体诱导

苦瓜常规育种获得纯合株系耗时长、成本高,通过离体雌核培养途径获得单倍体可加速苦瓜育种进程。为建立苦瓜未授粉子房离体培养再生体系,本研究利用苦瓜未授粉子房为外植体,研究基因型、接种方式、激素配比、胚囊发育时期、预培养处理对胚状体诱导效果的影响。结果表明:MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA1.00 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.04 mg/L培养基胚状体的诱导率最高,为19.60%;在8个苦瓜品种中,2个植株生长势强的品种‘桂农科3号’和‘泰国山’苦瓜胚状体诱导率较高,适合作为离体雌核诱导的实验材料;开花当天的子房去除表皮后横切成2 mm的薄片可有效降低愈伤组织的形成,提高胚状体的诱导率;在黑暗和33℃条件下热激3 d有利于子房的转绿和出胚。本研究对苦瓜未授粉子房的胚状体诱导关键因子进行优化,为创制苦瓜单倍体育种材料提供帮助。     

不同刈割周期对热研11号黑籽雀稗产草量及品质的影响

研究不同刈割周期对热研11号黑籽雀稗(Paspalum atratum cv. Reyan No.11)产草量及品质的影响。结果表明：间隔90d刈割周期粗蛋白质产量最高,达3897 kg/hm2;间隔75d刈割周期鲜草产量最高(135.8t/hm2);间隔120d刈割周期干草产量最高(38.6t/hm2);间隔120d刈割周期株高生长动态和分蘖数均高于其它处理;在品质方面,间隔90d刈割周期黑籽雀稗品质最好,粗蛋白质含量最高(13.13%),粗纤维含量最低(25.79%)     

辣椒新品种"冀育五号"的选育及果实营养含量的测定

“冀育五号”是河北省农作物引育种中心以抗病、丰产和提高果实营养含量为目标培育的辣椒新品种。该品种不仅早熟、生长势强、果实大牛角类型，果面光滑有光泽，肉厚，商品性好，前期产量和总产量高，而且抗病性强，更为重要的是品质优良，果实营养含量高，果实中辣椒素、Vc和干物质含量以及微量元素的含量都明显高于一般辣椒品种，是一个很有发展前景的高效益换代辣椒品种。     

北柴胡新品种川北柴1号组织培养快繁初步研究

[目的]研究适宜于北柴胡新品种川北柴1号的组织培养快繁技术.[方法]以川北柴1号茎节为材料,分别以MS和1/2 MS为基本培养基,通过不同的激素种类和浓度,分析诱导川北柴1号丛生芽和不定根生长的最佳培养基配方.[结果]在MS培养基中,1.0 mg/L的6-BA,0.5 mg/L的KT,0.2 mg/L的NAA和1.0 mg/L的IAA在显著促进不定芽增殖的同时,还能最大化促进不定芽生长;在1/2 MS培养基中,0.1 mg/L浓度NAA,1.0mg/L浓度IBA和1.0 mg/L浓度IAA对柴胡不定根生长促进作用最佳.[结论]本研究对川北柴1号生产推广制种具有重大意义.     

Yield losses on wheat crops associated to the previous winter crop: Impact of agronomic practices based on on-farm analysis

Wheat is one of the most important cultivated cereals worldwide. In Uruguay, the area increased from 153.000 ha to 453.000 ha between 2004 and 2012, nowadays representing 80% of the total winter crops area. As the high area of the crop, is common planting wheat in a field with wheat as previous winter crop (“wheat after wheat”). This practice leads to a high inoculum pressure of necrotrophic pathogens which guarantees disease inoculation mainly of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (tan spot—TS) and Zymoseptoria tritici (septoria leaf blotch—SLB). There is strong evidence that integrated crop management practices such as nitrogen (N) fertilization, genetic resistance to leaf diseases and fungicides could mitigate yield losses associated with monoculture. However, the impacts of integrated technologies based on actual field data have not been reported before. We based our study in an on-farm wheat yield and management database to assess the previous winter crop effect on wheat yield under no-till systems. This database corresponds to a set of farmers grouped in CREA (Consorcio Regional de Experimentación Agrícola). A complete database of 1292 no-till wheat fields was analyzed. The effect of previous winter crop on yield and the impact of different technologies were estimated based on two approaches: (i) yield quartile analysis and (ii) yield frontier analysis. The crop rotation had a significant impact on yield. The practice of growing “wheat after wheat” was associated with a yield loss of ca 500 kg ha⁻¹. The selection of a diseases resistant cultivar under “wheat after wheat” fields increases yields in ≈700 kg ha⁻¹. The percentage of fields with an efficiency higher than 80% improved from 49 to 77% when a resistant cultivar to TS and SLB was selected, and when N fertilizer was applied earlier and in higher rates. Unexpectedly, only 18% of the “wheat after wheat” fields are applying these two technologies in scenarios under high inoculum pressure. This study, based in on-farm data, highlights the relevance of integrated disease management, and remarks the potential of this approach to minimize the interference of foliar diseases in fields with high inoculum pressure of stubble-borne pathogens.     

大花紫薇种子发芽特性研究

利用赤霉素(GA)、ABT6号生根粉和自来水(对照)对大花紫薇种子进行12h浸种，再将处理后的种子分别置于室温和25、30、35℃恒温箱内进行发芽试验。结果表明，大花紫薇种子发芽速度随温度升高而加快，发芽率随温度上升而提高，30℃是大花紫薇种子发芽的最佳温度；赤霉素对提高种子发芽率有显著的促进作用。     

Effects of no tillage and genetic resistance on sunflower wilt by Verticillium dahliae

From 2001 to 2006 crop seasons three field experiments were run to compare the effect of no tillage (NT) vs. conventional tillage (CT) on Verticillium wilt of sunflower. One experiment had sunflower monocropping (SM) and the others the sequence wheat–sunflower (WS) with 6 years of fescue pasture or seven WS cycles as previous crops. All experimental fields have history of the disease. One cultivar with low resistance was used in SM and two genotype-resistance levels (high and low; characterized by six and eight cultivars each, respectively) in the WS sequences. Leaf mottle severity in all environments, Verticillium dahliae colony forming units (CFU)/g of soil in 2005 or 2006 trials, density of microsclerotia in the stem pith at 0.5 m above the soil line in WS, and grain yield and oil content in WS with fescue as previous crop were recorded. Every year, disease severity was higher in CT than in NT in all trials. In SM, disease severity increased during the 3 years in CT from 58% to 88%, while in NT disease severity remained around the initial level (49%). The V. dahliae-CFU/g of soil after 3 years in SM or three cycles of WS was approximately three times higher in CT than in NT. In WS, density of microsclerotia in stem pith were higher in CT than in NT. In WS with fescue pasture as previous crop, grain yield and oil content tend to increase with NT in relation to CT. The combination of NT and high-resistant genotypes reduced the disease and the production of microsclerotia in stem pith to very low values. NT + high resistance should be viewed as a preventative, not a curative disease management option because the microsclerotia persist in soil for a long time. Therefore, NT + high resistance programs should be initiated early, before inoculum builds up to high levels in the soil. Thus, the combination of NT and high-resistant cultivars promises to be an interesting tool to manage V. dahliae and Verticillium wilt in sunflower and would have potential in other crops like alfalfa, cotton or strawberry.     

大白菜新品种多抗4号的选育

当前我国大白菜育种受生态类型、消费习惯及育种材料等诸多因素限制,育成品种的抗病性相对单一。针对大白菜多种病害复合抗性较差的问题,利用Tu MV抗源材料BP006(8407)、高抗黑腐病资源材料秦白-2进行了多种大白菜病害抗性基因的聚合育种,选育出抗多种病害、品质优良的不同熟性、不同类型高代稳定自交系和自交不亲和系。多抗4号是以自交不亲和系2005M-3与自交系04-5杂交选育而成的大白菜新品种。该品种高产,抗逆性强,高抗病毒病、霜霉病和黑腐病,品质佳,口感好,在河北省中南部7月24日~8月20日均可播种。     

核桃新品种“鲁甸大麻1号”

“鲁甸大麻1号”是在云南省寒冷地区滇东北鲁甸县实生选育出的避晚霜核桃新品种.该品种坚果扁圆球形,果基圆,果顶略尖,平均单果质量14.44 g,种壳刻纹大浅,壳面麻,缝合线突起,结合紧密,壳厚0.89 mm,内褶壁纸质,隔膜发达,出仁率51.2％,粗脂肪含量74.67％,蛋白质含量18.5％,取仁易,核仁肥,饱满,食味香纯无涩,口感细腻.“鲁甸大麻1号”2013年7月参展第七届世界核桃大会,荣获“中国核桃优良品种”称号.2014年12月通过云南省林木良种审定委员会审定.