Diagnostic Approaches for the Assessment of Equine Chronic Pulmonary Disorders

Even though the respiratory system is one of the most accessible organs for diagnostic testing, it is not always easy to define chronic lower airway disease in the horse. Diagnostic procedures performed by first opinion veterinarians in the field are often restricted to taking the history and performing clinical examination. Respiratory tract endoscopy, tracheal or bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood sampling are sometimes used but other specific ancillary examinations are seldom performed in stable settings. Therefore, our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic value of different techniques and examination types routinely used in the diagnostic workup of chronic equine lower airway cases in both stable and clinical circumstances. Another aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different chronic pulmonary disorders among horses admitted to a Hungarian referral clinic. According to the conditional inference tree method, age of the horse, history, clinical examination, respiratory tract endoscopy, and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology proved to be the most valuable tools to define pathology. It was also concluded that in 22% of cases, more specific ancillary diagnostic modalities, unavailable for the field veterinarian, were needed to establish the final diagnosis. According to our study, the most frequently diagnosed chronic pulmonary disorders in Hungary are of noninfectious origin, principally recurrent airway obstruction. Regardless of the cause, and interestingly including recurrent airway obstruction as well, these diseases occur primarily during the warm months.     

猪源隐孢子虫卵囊的分离及基因型鉴定

应用RT-PCR方法对南京、上海和合肥猪源隐孢子虫卵囊SSU rRNA部分序列进行扩增,产物测序后提交GenBank,收录号为DQ855266、DQ855267;用BLAST和DNAStar软件与GenBank参考序列进行比较,分析其同源性,绘制系统发育进化树,结合卵囊形态学观察和对小鼠、大鼠、兔、山羊和鸡的传染性试验确定隐孢子虫种类或基因型。结果表明,3地区猪源隐孢子虫分离株与微小隐孢子虫(C.parvum)同源性达94%~100%,与C.parvummouse型有99.8%~100%的同源性,并处于进化树的同一分支。因此,3地区猪源隐孢子虫是C.parvummouse型,提示猪和鼠之间存在交叉传播的可能。     

橡实象虫及其近缘种基于线粒体DNA COⅡ基因的分子系统学研究

橡实象虫(Curculio arakawai)是危害柞树果实(橡实)和嫩芽的主要害虫。基于探索害虫的系统发育和遗传进化机制的目的,以线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)编码的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ(cytochrome oxidaseⅡ,COⅡ)基因作为分子标记,对橡实象虫及10个近缘种昆虫进行分子系统学研究。序列分析表明:橡实象虫及10个近缘种的mtDNA COⅡ基因序列全长687bp(不同橡实象虫样本获得的目的基因在GenBank的登录号包括GU945544、GU945545、GU945546),共编码228个氨基酸;mtDNA COⅡ基因表现出明显的A+T含量偏向性,密码子不同位点碱基的使用也存在明显的A+T含量偏向性,mtD-NA COⅡ基因的碱基颠换数总体上高于转换数,颠换主要发生在A←→T间,转换主要发生在T←→C间。遗传变异分析表明,橡实象虫及10个近缘种的核苷酸多态性位点百分率为39.7%,氨基酸突变率为30.3%。分别采用UPGMA法、NJ法和MP法构建橡实象虫及10个近缘种间的COⅡ基因系统进化树,各物种间的拓扑关系虽然稍有差异,但系统进化关系却完全一致,即物种间分别以所在的属聚在一起,形成Curculio、Ceutorhynchus和Peritelus3个属群,其中Curculio属和Ceutorhynchus属的系统进化关系较近,二者聚在一起形成一大支,而Peritelus属单独形成一支。     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

苹果渣替代麦麸饲喂雏鸡效果试验

选用400只商品代尼克红母雏,随机分为4组,每组100只,设5个重复,每个重复 20只。试验组日粮分别由基础日粮和用风干未发酵苹果渣粉、半干发酵苹果渣粉、膜发酵苹果 渣粉分别替代基础日粮中5％的麸皮。试期为6周。结果显示,添加半干发酵苹果渣粉组和膜 发酵苹果渣粉组试鸡6周龄平均体重及日增重显著高于喂基础日粮的对照组和风干未发酵苹 果渣粉组(P<0．05),喂基础日粮的对照组略高于风干未发酵苹果渣粉组,差异不显著 (P>0．05)。表明发酵苹果渣粉对雏鸡生长发育有显著的促进效果。     

6株猪O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

根据口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）VP1基因的序列，设计并合成了2对用于扩增VP1基因的引物。从组织中提取总RNA，首先用P1、P2引物对6株猪。型口蹄疫病毒进行RT—PCR扩增，获得1000bp的片段；再用P3、P4引物进行巢式PCR扩增，结果获得850bp的片段。将850bp的片段克隆到pMD18—-T载体中，通过PCR鉴定，将阳性重组质粒进行测序并分析。结果发现6株FMDV的核苷酸同源性为80．2％～99．4％，其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为86．9％～99．5％；构建遗传发生树，发现6株FMDV属于两个不同的基因型，其中的Shunde00、Sihui01、Shenzhen99、Fushan01株属一个基因型（与Hongkong93、广东86分离株属同一基因型）；Guangzhou99、Shenzhen00株属另一个基因型（与UKG-12—2001株、JPN2000株属同一基因型）。通过对口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的测序与分析，了解其变异情况，为科学地防控FMD提供分子水平的依据。     

遗传距离与利用微卫星进行系统树构建初探

以中国牛亚科家畜6个群体12对微卫星数据为基础,采用6种遗传距离（DA、DC、DS、DSW,（σμ）^2和DTL）和2种聚类方法（UPGMA和NJ法）,探索它们对系统树构建准确性的影响。结果表明：微卫星位点平均杂合度水平显著影响系统树构建的准确性,用DA和DC遗传距离构建的系统树准确性相对较高,但很难确定NJ法和UPGMA法哪一种更适合于系统树的构建,而DTL遗传距离用于系统树构建有待进一步完善;最后,对微卫星用于家畜系统树构建的有效性和局限性进行了探讨。     

红露苹果在昭通的引种试验初报

云南昭通是南方重要的苹果生产基地,但由于主栽晚熟红富士品种比例过高,给生产销售等方面带来一系列问题,为解决品种单一带来的各种问题,充分发挥当地苹果比北方苹果成熟早的自然优势,从2006年起我们开始从烟台引试种植红露等中早熟品种,希望从中找出表现良好的品种来发展,以调整昭通苹果品种结构。试种的红露苹果于2009年投产,具有早果、丰产、色艳、果个大、极耐贮运、抗逆性强等特性,具有良好的发展前景。     

Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.