黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。     

不同降温措施和不同日龄放养模式对黄羽肉鸡行为的影响

采用行为学方法研究大棚饲养条件下风扇降温和水帘降温以及舍饲、35日龄开放运动场、70日龄开放运动场对黄羽肉鸡采食、饮水、修饰、站立、运动、觅食、攻击、休息、沙浴,栖架10种行为的影响。结果表明：（1）水帘降温组鸡群采食和修饰行为的百分比极显著高于风扇降温组（P〈0.01）;而饮水、站立和觅食行为的百分比则极显著低于风扇降温组（P〈0.01）;沙浴行为百分比也显著低于风扇降温组（P〈0.05）,其他的行为变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。（2）放养措施可以极显著增加鸡群的采食、饮水、修饰、运动、觅食、休息以及沙浴等7种行为的百分比（P〈0.01）,极显著降低鸡群的栖架行为及站立行为的百分比（P〈0.01）;其他的行为变化差异不显著（P＞0.05）。表明不同降温措施和不同时间放养措施显著影响肉鸡采食、饮水、站立、修饰、觅食和沙浴行为百分比,上述6种行为指标可作为评价黄羽肉鸡福利养殖水平的参考指标。     

黄河口附近海域海洋生物体中石油烃总量变化的研究

在海洋污染中，石油污染是一个主要方面。近年来，随着沿海石油的勘探和开采，石油污染对海洋资源的危害日趋严重。本文就黄河口附近海域海洋生物体内石油烃含量及其相互关系进行了探讨。结果表明，各种海洋生物肌肉中石油烃含量依次为：双壳类＞头足类＞甲壳类＞鱼类，季节和个体大小及不同区域对石油烃含量也有一定的影响。     

东、黄海鱼是鱼集群分布模式的研究

根据７个冬季变水层拖网瞄准捕捞越冬鱼是鱼平均小时产量统计和探鱼仪鱼群映象纪录资料，研究了鱼是鱼集群分布模式和集群密度。鱼是鱼集群分为表层型、中层型和近底层型３种分布模式。１４种典型集群映象有捕捞生产价值。３种模式的鱼是鱼集群密度是：中层型高于近底层型，近底层型高于表层型。使用５２０目×６００毫米变水层拖网瞄准捕捞中层型集群鱼是鱼平均小时产量５．０～１４．０吨、近底层型３．６～４．５吨和表层型２．３～３．０吨     

冬季黄、东海水文状况及其变化

IntroductionThe China Sea is divided into four sea regions(Fig.1) :the Bohai Sea(BS) ,the Yellow Sea(YS) ,theEast China Sea(ECS) and South China Sea(SCS) .The Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the shelf of the EastChina Sea together form a broad epicontinental Sea.The average depth of Bohai Sea is18m and that of Yellow Sea is4 4m.Together,the Bohai Sea and Yel-low Sea form a gulf opening to the ECS.A shallow trough runs through the gulf and can be traced south tothe northern end o…     

鳀鱼的生物量、渔业及其生物学特征

IntroductionThe Yellow Sea is characterized by a shallow continental shelf. High tides and seasonally varying mon-soons,freshwater discharge from surrounding landmasses and large amounts of sediments transported intothe sea as well as the effect of the Kuroshio current have strong effects on the environment in these areas.Productivity of an ecosystem may be measured in terms of abundance of the adult population and recruitmentof new year classes.Japanese anchovy(Engraulis jap onicus) is cons…     

东海北部和黄海南部鲐鱼生长特性及合理利用

采用2002年11月~2003年8月在东海北部和黄海南部区域(30°~34°N、126°E以西范围)所获取的鲐鱼(Scomberjaponicus)样品,通过观察鲐鱼耳石生长轮和基础生物学测定,研究了鲐鱼的年龄和生长;再依据不完全β函数渔获量方程,计算、分析在不同开捕年龄和不同捕捞强度下的单位补充量渔获量(Yw/R)的变化情况。结果表明,采用Walford方法拟合的鲐鱼生长方程,其生长参数K、L∞、t0分别为0.320、451.4和-1.203。比较不同时期鲐鱼的生长情况显示,20世纪60、80年代和21世纪初期鲐鱼的生长较接近,而20世纪70年代的鲐鱼生长情况与其他3个时期的鲐鱼生长相差较大。比较不同海域鲐鱼的生长情况显示,随着纬度的增加,鲐鱼的个体有增大的趋势,经分析很可能与海水温度有关。根据历史资料推算出鲐鱼的最大年龄(tλ)为9龄;根据最近的采样,推算出鲐鱼的开捕年龄和补充年龄都为0.4年,鲐鱼的自然死亡率为0.355,捕捞死亡率为2.27。利用上述参数,动态综合模型模拟的结果显示,该资源过度捕捞已很严重。若保持当前捕捞强度,则必须把开捕年龄限制在2.9龄;若能同时改变捕捞强度和开捕年龄,则可以把当前的开捕年龄限制在2.0龄,捕捞死亡率降到1.3,这样鲐鱼资源才能够得到保护与合理利用。     

黄海北岸大洋河大麻哈鱼类的移植

According to the salmon‘s(Oncorhynchus) biological character of return to its hatching river, adopting the method of transplant and releasing, 9839000 eyed eggs of the salmon were introduced (Oncorhynchu, keta, O.gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. masou) from Japan, total 8409000 juvenile fish was hatched and cultivated for 11 years running from 1985 to 1996. total 127 returning and mature salmons were collected from 1987 to 1995. It proved that the salmon could exist in the Yellow Sea area and return to its releasing river.     

黄海中部小黄鱼的食物组成和摄食习性的季节变化

根据2001年3月至2002年1月在黄海中部海域进行的4个季节的定点底拖网调查,应用聚类分析、单因素方差分析和列联表检验等方法,对小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis Bleeker)的食物组成和摄食的季节变化进行研究.结果表明,小黄鱼摄食的饵料种类有30余种,甲壳类(磷虾类和虾类)和鱼类是其主要的饵料类群,二者在食物中所占的重量百分比之和为97.45%.优势饵料种类有太平洋磷虾(Euphausia pacifica)、脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)、细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)和赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis).小黄鱼的摄食强度有显著的季节变化,秋季最高,春季和冬季较低.食物组成也随季节的不同而有所变化,夏季主要以虾类为食,其它季节则主要以磷虾类为食.聚类分析的结果表明,小黄鱼春、夏季的食物组成与秋、冬季相比,存在较大差异.通过与历史资料进行比较发现,黄海小黄鱼的食物组成发生了较大的变化,其中鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus)在食物中所占的比例有明显的下降.     

QTL Mapping for Rice Hull Thickness and Related Traits in Hybrid RiceXieyou 9308简

We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of 165 rice recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Zhonghui 9308 (Z9308) and Xieqingzao B (XB) in Hainan and Hangzhou, China. Grain thickness (GT), brown rice thickness (BRT), hull thickness (HT) and milling quality were used for QTL mapping. HT was significantly and positively correlated with GT and BRT. Twenty-nine QTLs were detected with phenotypic effects ranging from 2.80% to 21.27%. Six QTLs, qGT3, qBRT3, qBRT4, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, were detected repeatedly across two environments. Inherited from XB, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 showed stable expression, explaining 9.92%, 21.27% and 10.83% of the phenotypic variances in Hainan and 9.61%, 6.40% and 6.71% in Hangzhou, respectively. Additionally, the QTL cluster between RM5944 and RM5626 on chromosome 3 was probably responsible for GT and milling quality. The cluster between RM6992 and RM6473 on chromosome 4 played an important role in grain filling. Three near isogenic lines (NILs), X345, X338 and X389, were selected because they contained homozygous fragments from Zhonghui 9308, corresponding to qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11, respectively. The hull of XB was thicker than those of X345, X338 and X389. In all the lines, qHT6.1, qHT8 and qHT11 that regulated rice HT were stably inherited with obvious genetic effects.