Causes and typical control model of wind-drift sandy lands in abandoned channel of the Yellow River

The historical formation and development of the abandoned channel of the Yellow River is reviewed and its causes of formation and present condition of prevention and control are analyzed in this paper. Based on this analysis, some ideas about control, critical problems and countermeasures in the next period are proposed with two typical control models as examples. We suggest that in preventing and controlling the wind-drift sandy lands in the region, the emphasis should be to develop, with a greatly expanded effort, a recycling economy. This should realize a combination of two ideas, i.e. integrate combating desertification with a structural adjustment of agricultural and an increase in the income of farmers.     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

探析黄桃栽培技术及储存方法

黄桃富含丰富的维生素C以及人体所需的纤维素等多种微量元素,能够补充人体机能,而且黄桃还具有润肠通便、美容养颜、保护视力等功效,对人体健康也有好处.目前,国内果蔬市场上对黄桃的需求不断增加,为免出现供不应求的现象,必须加快黄桃优质高产栽培技术的推广与应用,基于此,该文结合黄桃栽培技术及储存方法进行深入探究,从科学选址、优...     

宁夏引黄灌区玉豆间作和带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响

探索间作及带状轮作模式对玉米水氮利用及产量的影响,提出适合宁夏灌区的种植模式。试验于2019—2020年,在宁夏王团旱作节水高效农业试验站开展,设置玉米/大豆间作(IMS)、玉米-大豆带状轮作(RMS)、单作玉米(MM)、单作大豆(SS)4种种植模式。结果表明,与单作玉米相比,带状轮作处理使玉米拔节期至成熟期干物质积累量增加9.58%～11.45%,且与间作相比,干物质积累量增加4.29%～7.53%。带状轮作种植模式下玉米对氮素的积累量、转运量及籽粒贡献率比间作提高2.19%、30.44%和19.86%。带状轮作和间作处理土壤含水量比单作分别提高5.64%和3.98%,且主要分布于0～140 cm土层,带状轮作处理玉米水分利用效率较单作增加38.00%,且比间作增加15.61%。与单作玉米相比,间作处理提高玉米产量11.3%,降低大豆产量51.39%;玉豆带状轮作处理弱化了种间竞争力,使玉米产量提高21.98%,大豆产量下降22.91%。因此,带状轮作种植模式在水分利用效率、干物质积累、氮素转运及产量方面优势明显,可作为宁夏引黄灌区的一种有效替代种植模式。     

合作博弈下农民专业合作社盈余分配方式的演变

【目的】推动黄河流域县域农业高质量发展,加深对农业 投入产出的认识,改善农业资源约束日 益紧张、农业生态环境日益恶化问题,并提出优化设计的发展思路和对策。【方法】通过土地利用转移矩阵分 析陕西大荔县土地利用变化情况,然后采用能值分析 (EMA) 法并构建指标体系,定义和计算若干个基于能值流 的指数,表征和度量 2014、2019 年农业生态系统的运行特征以及发展可持续性,定量分析评价农业生态系统各 类投入及产出能值,确定制约其可持续发展的关键因素。【结果】大荔县土地利用规划目标年 2019 年与基期年 2014 年相比,农业生态系统的能值自给率由 18% 降为 13%、净能值产出率由 2.10 降为 1.27、可持续发展指数由 0.90 降为 0.35,能值投资率由 4.51 升至 6.71、环境负载率由 2.33 升至 3.61、能值密度由 1.93×1012 sej/m2 升至 2.69×1012 sej/m2 、人均能值用量由 1.03×1016 sej/ 人升至 1.41×1016 sej/ 人。与 2014 年相比,2019 年大荔县林地、 人造地、水体面积分别减少 5.75%、0.60%、60.06%,草地、耕地、湿地面积分别增加 19.80%、1.44%、21.15%。 【结论】土地利用变化不是影响农业能值产出变化的主要因素,大荔县农业整体发展水平提高的同时农业生产 成本也在提高,农业现代化进程较为快速,为消费型经济系统。以农药、柴油和化肥为代表的不可更新工业辅 助能值投入大量增加,增大了对农业生态环境的压力。     

黄海北部发现的中华白海豚Ⅰ.外形和内脏器官的测定结果

中华白海豚(SousaChinensis)属于国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,在中国主要分布于广西、海南、广东、香港、澳门、台湾、福建、浙江沿岸,向北可达长江口。2003年5月9日在黄海北部(北纬39°35′01″,东经122°51′50″),由于渔业生产误捕的中华白海豚,是迄今为止该种发现的最北记录,笔者报告了对该海豚的外形和内脏器官测定结果。     

基于水经注探讨乌兰布和沙漠景观形成问题

根据北魏时期郦道元地理名著《水经注》中关于乌兰布和段黄河故道及其与黄河沿岸古城的位置关系,修正了有关现在黄河河道来源、沃野故城被黄河改道冲毁等论断,并从沙源与沙漠内涵、地表大面积流沙裸露堆积形成沙漠景观以及《水经注》中没有记录乌兰布和段沙漠景观等方面探讨了在乌兰布和沙漠景观的形成时间问题。     

基于MODIS数据的黄河三角洲地表温度研究

指出了地表温度作为地表能量平衡中的异常重要的参数之一,它在地表与大气相互作用过程当中发挥着非常重要的作用,在地表能量平衡的研究也扮演着重要角色,特别在气象、水文、地质、生态等众多领域有着非常广泛的应用需要。对现有的地表温度反演的4种算法进行比较,最终确定选择劈窗算法。根据劈窗算法的需要,对 M ODIS数据波段选取,反演出黄河三角洲地区地表温度,并且利用实测的地表温度进行反演结果精度分析。     

秋冬季黄东海区影响鳀鱼行动分布的三大水系变化特征

依据中国和挪威联合进行的黄东海渔业资源声学评估调查资料，并结合历史研究成果，分析了对鱼行动分布有着显著影响的三大水系（黄海冷水团、黄海暖流和苏北沿岸冷水）的变化特征。结果表明，三大水系均具有明显的年际变化。（1）黄海冷水团的温盐性质比较稳定，但其相对体积强年（1986年11月）约为弱年（985年11月）的144倍；（2）黄海暖流的流速强年（1986年1月）约为弱年（1992年正月）的1．21倍；（3）苏北沿岸冷水以3月份势力最强，其强度1985年1月大于1986年1月。