辣椒植株水浸液对蔬菜种子发芽的化感作用

为了明确辣椒植株的化感作用,以萝卜、黄瓜、大白菜和番茄为受体,采用室内生物测定的方法,研究了辣椒全株、根、茎、叶水浸液的化感作用.测试结果用化感作用效应指数(RI)评价,以RI的相加平均值(SI)评价供体对受体在发芽期的化感作用强度.结果表明,辣椒全株、根、茎、叶水浸液对受体蔬菜种子发芽的影响依供体部位、水浸液浓度和受体不同而有差异.当辣椒全株水浸液浓度为0.01 g/ml时,对大白菜和萝卜种子的发芽有促进作用,根的水浸液对萝卜种子发芽亦表现为促进作用;当辣椒全株、根、茎、叶的水浸液浓度等于或大于0.02 g/ml 时,对4种蔬菜种子发芽均表现为抑制作用,且随着浓度的增大,抑制作用增强.综合而言,辣椒全株、根、茎、叶水浸液对不同受体蔬菜种子发芽的化感抑制程度不同,其化感作用强弱为叶＞茎＞全株＞根.不同蔬菜种子发芽对辣椒植株各部位水浸液的化感敏感性也有差异,以番茄和大白菜的敏感性较强,萝卜和黄瓜较弱.     

辣椒根腐病拮抗细菌D221发酵条件的研究

利用单因子试验和正交试验方法,对拮抗辣椒根腐病D221菌株培养基成分和发酵条件进行研究.结果表明,最佳培养基成分为蔗糖2.0％,胰蛋白胨0.5％,牛肉膏2.0％,NaCl 0.5％,MgSO4 0.1％.最适的发酵条件为温度30℃,摇床转速150 r·min-1,接种量5％,初始pH为7,在250 mL三角瓶的装液量为...     

贵州地方辣椒品种品质分析及利用评价

对贵州省主要地方品种、部分选育品种和引进品种的干物质、粗纤维、维生素C、脂肪、辣椒素、辣椒红色素、灰分、盐酸不溶性灰分等进行分析,8个指标范围分别是:干物质18.18%~25.12%,粗纤维15.3%~24.3%,维生素C 0.774~2.248 mg·g-1,脂肪11.45%~16.71%,辣椒素0.097%~0.812%,辣椒红色素0.137%~0.516%,灰分4.03%~5.4%,盐酸不溶性灰分0.173%~0.526%。鉴定筛选出了多个高维生素C、高脂肪、高辣椒素含量的优质品种,一部分可在生产上直接利用,一部分可作品质育种材料。     

豫南稻区种植小辣椒优质高产栽培技术

从品种选择、育苗、定植移栽、田间管理和适时采收等方面研究了豫南水稻区域种植辣椒获得高产的栽培技术。     

不同施肥处理对盆栽辣椒土壤酶活性及土壤微生物含量的影响

【目的】 研究氨基酸液体有机肥替代部分化肥施用后土酶活性、微生物含量的变化。【方法】 采用盆栽试验,选择2个不同品种的辣椒各设置6组处理,分别为处理CK（不施用氨基酸液体有机肥,化肥100%）,T₁（氮肥减量30%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₂（氮肥减量35%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₃（氮肥减量40%+氨基酸液体有机肥）、T₄（氮肥减量45%+氨基酸液体有机肥）和T₅（氮肥减量50%+氨基酸液体有机肥）,研究不同梯度的氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机肥后对土壤生物学性状及养分含量的影响,分析其相关性。【结果】 氨基酸液体有机肥替代不同比例的化肥后,2个品种的辣椒均显示土壤脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性增强,酶活性显示出先升高后变平缓或减低的趋势,酶活性会随着有机肥替代量不是成正比的关系;提高土壤细菌、放线菌的含量,抑制真菌含量;氨基酸液体有机肥替代的处理较CK对于土壤pH这项指标均表现出增高,但增高不显著。【结论】 氮肥减施并配施氨基酸液体有机化可以为有机肥缓解土壤酸化、降低EC值,T₄的替代量为最佳替代量。     

不同涂膜对贮藏青椒综合品质的影响研究

以蔗糖酯、壳聚糖和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为涂膜材料对青椒进行保鲜处理,观察青椒在贮藏期间烂果率、重量、Vc、叶绿素含量方面的变化情况,并对青椒的综合品质进行评定。研究表明:贮藏期间经涂膜处理青椒的综合指标明显优于未涂膜青椒;正交试验结果表明:在室温下,以0.5%蔗糖酯、1.0%壳聚糖、0.006μg/g对羟基苯甲酸丙酯作为复合涂膜剂,青椒的综合品质最好。     

Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum) extract on growth,yield, and storage life of different bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars grown under hydroponic conditions

The study was set up to evaluate the efficiency of amino acids and seaweed on vegetative growth, reproductive phase, yield, and postharvest storage quality of hydroponically grown bell pepper cultivars “Sven Rz F-1” and “Red Knight.” Different concentrations of amino acid and seaweed were sprayed on bell pepper plants under hydroponic conditions. Pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit diameter, fruit wall thickness, and average single fruit weight. Amino acid and seaweed significantly improved postharvest physicochemical quality of both bell pepper cultivars under extended cold storage conditions. Conclusively, amino acid as well as seaweed extract not only improved growth, development, yield, and overall quality of bell pepper cultivars but also increased storage life with reduced weight loss and decay along with better physicochemical quality.     

坡耕地甜玉米地膜覆盖间作模式水土保持效应

针对云南省山地种植措施不合理,水土资源流失严重的现状,进行了甜玉米间作草带和辣椒的水土保持效应研究。结果表明,在降雨集中的6,7,8这3个月,间作处理的径流量比单作处理的径流量平均减少了29.08%,侵蚀量平均减少了52.36%。B处理(甜玉米盖膜+牧草)的总径流量比D处理(辣椒单作)减少了85.05%,B处理的总侵蚀量比C(甜玉米盖膜单作),D处理分别减少了62.58%,63.34%。在极高雨强下,B处理的径流量比D处理减少了75.29%,B处理的侵蚀量比C,D处理的分别减少了81.36%,98.34%。可见,甜玉米间作牧草草带是一种持续利用和保护山地水土资源的有效措施。     

脱水青胡椒的制备

以青胡椒鲜果为原料,经过脱粒、分选、清洗、杀青、干燥等工序加工制备脱水青胡椒;并与传统黑胡椒、白胡椒进行产品质量对比分析,同时制定脱水青胡椒产品质量标准,脱水青胡椒具有色泽青绿、味道良好,易贮藏保存和产品品质高等优点。     

Selection forMeloidogyne incognita virulence against resistance genes from tomato and pepper and specificity of the virulence/resistance determinants

Experiments were designed to analyze the relationships between the root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita and resistant tomato and pepper genotypes. From a natural avirulent isolate, near-isogenic nematode lineages were selected with virulence either against the tomatoMi resistance gene or the pepperMe3 resistance gene. Despite the drastic selection pressure used, nematodes appeared unable to overcome the pepperMe1 gene, therefore suggesting some differences in the resistance conferred byMe1 andMe3 in this species. Nematodes virulent onMi-resistant tomatoes were not able to reproduce onMe1-resistant nor onMe3-resistant peppers, and nematodes virulent onMe3-resistant peppers were not able to reproduce onMi-resistant tomatoes nor onMe1-resistant peppers. These results clearly demonstrate the specificity ofM. incognita virulence against resistance genes from both tomato and pepper, and indirectly suggest that gene-for-gene relationships could occur between these two solanaceous crops and the nematode.