基于近红外光谱岭回归的甜椒氮素检测试验

针对设施作物营养水平无损检测技术,着重描述了基于近红外光谱数据岭回归分析的甜椒氮素检测试验研究过程.利用近红外反射光谱成像技术对目标作物进行叶片尺度的光谱图像采集,应用计算机图像分析软件进行光谱数字图像处理、提取光谱数据,经过统计分析对数据完成筛选作为变量,结合化学分析试验结果建立作物营养检测模型,检验模型得出结论.为了解决自变量间存在的多重共线性造成模型难以建立的问题,在数据处理阶段,采用了在农业探测领域内并不多见的岭回归分析方法,利用其特殊的有偏估计算法,拟合建立回归方程.同时,由于岭回归分析可以用于进一步筛选特征波段,最终得到的是基于三特征波段近红外光谱反射率数据的甜椒叶片氮营养检测模型.经过模型检验,模型的调整R2为0.843,RMSE为0.105.     

Supplemental saline drip irrigation applied at different growth stages of two bell pepper cultivars grown with or without mulch in non-saline soil

The effect of supplemental saline (2.5 dS m⁻¹) drip irrigation and black polyethylene mulch on two cultivars of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) was investigated under field conditions using a randomized complete block design with split-split plot restriction. The research included six irrigation treatments (main plots): (i) non-saline irrigation control applied throughout growth (None), (ii) saline irrigation from transplanting until formation of the first fruit set (S1S2), (iii) saline irrigation from transplanting until appearance of the first flower and from first harvest to final harvest (S1S4), (iv) saline irrigation from appearance of the first flower to first harvest (S2S3), (v) saline irrigation from fruit set to final harvest (S3S4), and (vi) saline irrigation throughout growth (All); two mulch treatments (subplots): (i) black mulch and (ii) bare soil; and two bell pepper cultivars (sub-subplots): (i) Early Sunsation and (ii) Red Knight. Production of fully ripened fruits was higher in mulched plants regardless of saline irrigation treatments. In humid areas with non-saline soil, supplemental saline drip irrigation could be used with black polyethylene mulch to save water while maintaining fruit production.     

日光温室彩椒主要病虫害绿色防控技术

病虫害防治是日光温室彩椒栽培的关键环节之一。介绍日光温室彩椒的主要病虫害及其综合防治策略,从农业防治、生物防治、物理防治、化学防治方面阐述彩椒病虫害绿色防控主要技术措施,以期为做好日光温室彩椒的病虫害防控提供参考。     

过氧化物酶及种子蛋白分析鉴定甜椒杂交种纯度

用聚丙烯酰胺均匀胶和等电聚焦电泳技术，分析了甜椒种子及种苗的过氧化物同功酶谱和种子水溶蛋白图谱。在过氧化物酶谱带的两个位点ＰＲＸ－１和ＰＲＸ－２上，自交系亲本与Ｆ１杂交种有明显的差异。水溶蛋白的一个位点ＰＲＯＴ亲本与Ｆ１有明显差异。供试甜椒组合的过氧化物酶和蛋白的图谱，分别具有这些位点。     

Characterization of graft-induced change in capsaicin content of Capsicum annuum L.

Summary Capsaicin contents were measured in the progenies from the test crosses between the strain, G₅S₁₇ derived from fruit with the graft-induced change in fruit shape and the original two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var fasciculatum Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. var. grossum Sendt) used for grafting.The strain, G₅S₁₇ contained a lower amount of capsaicin than the original pungent cultivar Yatsubusa used as scion. The characteristic of the lowered capsaicin content in the strain has been stably inherited through seed propagation, and has also been transmitted to the progenies from the crosses with the original two cultivars used for scion or stock. These features in the capsaicin content agreed with those in fruit shape in the graft-induced change.     

乳酸聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳在辣椒种子纯度检验中的应用

提取辣椒种子的盐溶蛋白,在乳酸缓冲系统下电冰,通过对凝胶系统的调整,得出一套可以很好地显示辣椒各上子蛋白差异的电泳方法。上坷以很好地区分一些辣椒品种的父本、母本以及杂种一代。可以用作一些辣椒品种的纯度检验。     

Initial screening of chili and sweet pepper germplasm for resistance to chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood

Summary A preliminary evaluation for resistance to chili thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood of 41 and 194 pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) germplasms during 1987 and 1988, respectively, indicated chili accessions may be a promising source of resistance. In contrast, all sweet pepper accessions tested were highly susceptible. A number of chili accessions produced a moderate yield, in spite of a high thrips infestation indicating tolerance to S. dorsalis. Rating for thrips damage was more reliable and efficient than estimating thrips numbers in screening pepper accessions for resistance to thrips. Highly significant, positive correlation between ratings at the seedling stage and final rating for thrips damage indicated the feasibility of screening pepper accessions at the seedling stage. Comparing the similarities in rating among accessions resulted in 40 distinct groups. The variance-covariance matrix of the data from these 40 groups was subjected to principal component analysis. This accounted for 56 and 18 per cent of the variation across the two principal axes, respectively. Projection of chili and sweet pepper accessions along these two axes revealed three distinct clusters. About 80 per cent of chili accessions formed the first cluster, 58 per cent of the sweet pepper accessions formed the second cluster and a third cluster exhibited intermediate ratings for thrips damage. The significance of these findings in relation to geographical divergence and resistance to thrips among pepper accessions is discussed.     

LED补光和根区加温对日光温室起垄内嵌式基质栽培甜椒生长及产量的影响

田间条件下采用起垄内嵌式基质栽培(soil ridged substrate-embedded cultivation,SRSC)方法,研究了日光温室LED冠层补光和电热线根区加温对甜椒生长和产量的影响。该试验设不加温不补光对照(CK)、根区加温15℃处理(T15)、根区加温18℃处理(T18)、单一补光处理(L)、根区加温15℃+补光处理(T15+L)、根区加温18℃+补光处理(T18+L),共6个处理。结果表明,与对照相比,根区加温均能提高SRSC甜椒根区的温度,但根区温度仍呈现出随环境温度变化而变化的趋势,T18的根区全天保持较高温度。根区热通量的变化与根区温度变化相对应,T15和T18处理的根区热通量昼夜变化较CK剧烈,其根区侧面白天向内传热滞后,晚间侧面向外传热提前,传递量增加;根区垂直方向白天向内传热滞后,传递量减少,晚间垂直向外传热提前,但传递量增加。T15和T18均显著提高了甜椒的株高、冠层厚度和冠层直径,且T18比T15效果更明显。T15对甜椒的地上及地下干鲜重没有显著的提升作用,而T18的提升效果显著。根区加温补光处理的甜椒生物量普遍高于单一根区加温或补光处理,其中T18+L处理提升效果显著优于T15+L处理。T15、T18和L相对CK均提高了甜椒单产,单产分别提高30.74%、53.0%和14.81%。而根区加温和LED补光协同作用比单一的根区加温或冠层补光都能表现更好的增产效果,T15+L和T18+L分别比T15和T18的产量分别提升32.86%和15.50%,分别比L产量提升51.29%和53.87%。总之,根区加温与LED补光是日光温室甜椒增产有效的调控措施,两者在增加单株产量上存在显著的协同效应,二者共同作用比单一作用效果更加明显,且根区加温对甜椒生长和产量的促进效果比冠层补光更加显著,在实际生产中具有重要的指导意义。     

Effects of Organic Amendments on Productivity and Profitability of Bell Pepper–French Bean–Garden Pea System and on Soil Properties during Transition to Organic Production

A transition period of at least 2 years is required for annual crops before the produce may be certified as organically grown. There is a need to better understand the various management options for a smooth transition from conventional to organic production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different organic amendments and biofertilizers (BFs) on productivity and profitability of a bell pepper–french bean–garden pea system as well as soil fertility and enzymatic activities during conversion to organic production. For this, the following six treatments were established in fixed plots: composted farmyard manure (FYMC, T₁); vermicompost (VC, T₂); poultry manure (PM, T₃) along with biofertilizers (BF) [Rhizobium/Azotobacter + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas striata)]; mix of three amendments (FYMC + PM + VC + BF, T₄); integrated nutrient management (FYMC + NPK, T₅); and unamended control (T₆). The yields of bell pepper and french bean under organic nutrient management were markedly lower (25.2–45.9% and 29.5–46.2%, respectively) than with the integrated nutrient management (INM). Among the organic treatments, T₄ and T₁ produced greater yields of both bell pepper (27.96 Mg ha^?1) and french bean (3.87 Mg ha^?1) compared with other treatments. In garden pea, however, T₄ gave the greatest pod yield (7.27 Mg ha^?1) and was significantly superior to other treatments except T₅ and T₁. The latter treatment resulted in the lowest soil bulk density (1.19 Mg m^?3) compared with other treatments. Similarly, soil organic C was significantly greater in all the treatments (1.21–1.30%) except T₂ compared to T₆ (1.06%). Plots under INM, however, had greater levels of available nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium (NPK) than those under organic amendments. T₁ plots showed greater dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities compared with other treatments. However, T₄ and T₅ plots had greater activities of β-glucosidase and urease activities, respectively. The cost of cultivation was greater under organic nutrient management (except T₂) compared with INM. The latter treatment gave greater gross margin and benefit/cost (B/C) ratio for all vegetables, except that T₂ gave greater B/C ratio in garden pea compared with other treatments. We conclude that T₁ and T₄ were more suitable for enhancing the productivity of bell pepper–french bean–garden pea system, through improved soil properties, during transition to organic production.     

Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum) extract on growth,yield, and storage life of different bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars grown under hydroponic conditions

The study was set up to evaluate the efficiency of amino acids and seaweed on vegetative growth, reproductive phase, yield, and postharvest storage quality of hydroponically grown bell pepper cultivars “Sven Rz F-1” and “Red Knight.” Different concentrations of amino acid and seaweed were sprayed on bell pepper plants under hydroponic conditions. Pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit diameter, fruit wall thickness, and average single fruit weight. Amino acid and seaweed significantly improved postharvest physicochemical quality of both bell pepper cultivars under extended cold storage conditions. Conclusively, amino acid as well as seaweed extract not only improved growth, development, yield, and overall quality of bell pepper cultivars but also increased storage life with reduced weight loss and decay along with better physicochemical quality.