豫西山区野生百合中层鳞片扦插繁殖技术研究

用混合基质、砂、田土3种基质对豫西山区5种野生百合中层鳞片进行扦插繁殖试验.结果表明:5种野生百合中层鳞片都具有较强的扦插繁殖能力,同时证明5种野生百合中层鳞片在不同基质中的扦插成活与成球情况不同,混合基质最适宜野生百合中层鳞片扦插繁殖.     

山东野菜植物区系研究

经调查研究发现,山东省境内有野菜植物51科,137属,220种.野菜系指生于自然环境,未经人工驯化管理,可作蔬菜食用的植物.山东野菜植物区系主要特点为:种子植物在山东野菜植物区系组成中起决定作用;山东野菜植物区系属北温带性质;山东野菜大部分为草本植物;山东野菜以叶菜类和苗菜类为主.     

低温胁迫对四种野生常绿藤本植物抗寒生理指标的影响

以鹰爪枫Holboellia coriacea、南五味子Kadsura japonica、尾叶挪藤Stauntonia obovatifoliola ssp. urophylla、山蒟Piper hancei等4种野生常绿藤本植物为试验材料,通过人工冷冻处理,对叶片的相对电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸含量等3个生理指标进行了测定.结果表明:细胞膜透性表现为逐渐上升趋势;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸含量则随着温度的降低呈现出先上升后下降的变化规律,低温下耐寒性强的种类能保持较高的POD活性.4种野生常绿藤本植物的抗寒性具有明显差异,其中以鹰爪枫抗寒能力最强,其次为南五味子和尾叶挪藤,山蒟抗寒能力最差.     

云南枇杷野生种质资源叶片性状多样性分析

对147份云南枇杷野生资源叶片表型性状进行了调查分析,结果表明,这一群体枇杷种质资源的叶姿、叶形、叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶形指数、叶背茸毛、叶面形态、叶片横切面形状、叶面光泽、叶片颜色等性状均存在丰富的多样性。其中,叶背无茸毛的种质占77.62%,初步断定这个群体中的多数种质不是普通枇杷类型。     

芭蕉属野生种的地理分布

芭蕉属起源于热带亚热带区域,对芭蕉属野生种质资源的研究始于20世纪40年代。通过检索INIBAP的多个数据库和相关文献,归纳整理出芭蕉属野生种的分布规律,为野生蕉的种质资源保存、利用以及品种鉴定提供一定的理论依据。经分析,目前已经报道的芭蕉属共有52个野生种,其中真芭蕉组(Eumusa)11个,观赏蕉组(Rhodochlamys)9个,澳蕉组(Australimusa)13个,红花蕉组(Callimusa)18个,不确定组(Incertae sedis)1个。马来西亚、印度尼西亚、巴布亚新几内亚、印度和中国均分布有不同的3组芭蕉属野生种,但马来西亚和印度分布的种数最多,各分布有15种,约占总数的29%,可能是芭蕉属野生种的多样性中心。     

野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的关联分析

盐渍化是危害大豆生产的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。目前大豆耐盐性研究主要集中在栽培大豆的苗期耐盐性,而芽期耐盐性状的研究相对较少。野生大豆蕴含丰富的耐逆基因,是栽培大豆遗传改良的重要资源。为了研究野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,以113份野生大豆为试验材料,进行芽期耐盐性状的鉴定,结合群体的分子标记对包括2年平均值在内的3个环境下的3个耐盐指数进行全基因组关联分析,共检测到与野生大豆芽期耐盐相关的位点26个,6个SSR标记Satt521、Satt022、Satt239、Satt516、Satt251和Satt285在2个或3个环境下均被检测到,4个SSR标记Satt516、Satt251、Satt285和GMES4990与2个或3个耐盐指数显著相关。对这些SSR标记进行分析,挖掘了最优的等位基因及其载体材料。以上这些结果对于阐明野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,进一步发掘新的耐盐基因具有重要意义。同时也为栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽、大豆耐盐分子标记辅助选择和分子设计育种等后续研究提供重要依据。     

家兔氟乙酰胺中毒后血、尿指标的变化

为探讨动物氟乙酰胺中毒后血液和尿液指标的变化规律,将20只健康家兔随机分成4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,正常饲喂,Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅳ组作为中毒组,分别经口灌服1.5、2.0、10.0 mg/kg体重的氟乙酰胺溶液(5.68×10-2 mg/L);各中毒组家兔死亡前从心脏采集血样,未死亡家兔和对照组家兔在试验第3天从心脏采集血样,进行红细胞、白细胞计数、白细胞分类计数和血红蛋白含量测定;通过膀胱穿刺采集尿液,用半自动生化仪测定亚硝酸盐、pH、葡萄糖、蛋白质、潜血、酮体、胆红素及尿胆素原等指标.结果显示,各中毒组家兔血红蛋白含量及红细胞总数较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05),白细胞总数显著增加(P＜0.05),其中淋巴细胞增加较为明显,中性粒细胞相对减少;各中毒组尿液中葡萄糖、蛋白质和尿胆素原含量较对照组都有所升高,pH显著降低(P＜0.05),尿中血红蛋白含量显著增加(P＜0.05).这些指标的测定可为动物氟乙酰胺中毒临床诊断提供参考.     

壮筋补骨丸促进家兔人工骨折愈合的组织学观察

为客观评价壮筋补骨丸促进骨折愈合的作用,选用30只雄性新西兰兔造成右侧桡骨3 mm完全缺损的骨折模型,随机分为模型组、伤科组和壮筋组,分别给予生理盐水、伤科接骨片和壮筋补骨丸灌胃,连续4周.各组动物每周处死3只,取样进行HE染色、Masson染色和PAS染色观察,并于术后28 d取右侧桡骨(骨折骨)进行扫描电镜观察.结果表明,壮筋组较模型组及伤科组提前1周PAS和Masson染色呈阳性,于2周后观察到胶原纤维大量出现,成骨过程明显快于模型组.电镜观察显示模型组术后4周骨痂生长,胶原纤维交错排列,未出现成熟的骨细胞,而伤科组及壮筋组术后4周胶原纤维平行簇状排列,出现了板质骨和骨细胞,与模型组比较差异明显,表明壮筋补骨丸能促进新西兰兔骨折愈合.     

Moisture conservation for rainfed wheat production with alternative mulches and conservation tillage in the hills of north-west India

In the hills of north–west India, maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the dominant cropping system. However, rainfed wheat suffers from lack of optimum moisture at sowing. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years on a silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) to evaluate the effectiveness of mulches and conservation tillage for rainfed wheat in mitigating this problem. The treatments were ten factorial combinations of five mulch-tillage practices and two nitrogen levels (N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ kg ha⁻¹). Mulch treatments consisted of application of 10 Mg ha⁻¹ (dry weight basis), to previous standing maize, of either wild sage (Lantana camara L.) or eupatorium (Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel) in combination with either conventional or conservation (minium) tillage prior to wheat sowing. These alternative practices were compared to the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after harvest of maize with no mulch. The application of these weed mulches to standing maize maintained friable soil structure owing to a five fold higher mean population of earthworms underneath mulch. Mulches resulted in 0.06–0.10 m³ m⁻³ higher moisture in the seed-zone when wheat was sown compared with the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after maize harvest. Mulch-conservation tillage treatments favourably moderated the hydro-thermal regime for growing a wheat crop. The mean root mass density under these treatments at wheat flowering was higher by 1.27–1.40 times over the conventional farmer practice during the 3 year study. Conservation tillage holds promise because it does not require elaborate tillage and may ultimately reduce animal draught in the hilly regions. Recycling available organic materials having no fodder value coupled with conservation tillage may help enrich the soil environment in the long-term. The practice also offers gainful use of these obnoxious weeds that cause great menace in grass and forest lands in the region.     

Selecting in situ conservation sites for grape genetic resources in the USA

Previously, there has not been any in situ conservation sites for crop germplasm within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Using morphologic and molecular (SSR markers) techniques, we assessed the genetic variation present in populations of rock grape (Vitis rupestris Scheele), a native American grape species, throughout its range. We identified seven in situ conservation sites for rock grape using a strategy based on morphologic and molecular data, taxonomic information, population size and integrity, and landholder commitment. In collaboration with federal and state landholding agencies, we have established the first NPGS in situ conservation sites for American wild relatives of a crop.