不同类型果袋对霞光油桃果实品质的影响

本试验以晚熟油桃品种霞光为试验材料,研究了不同纸质类型果袋(白色单层纸袋、外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋)对油桃果实品质的影响。结果表明:与不套袋的对照相比,套袋处理显著降低了油桃病虫果率、果锈指数和裂果率(P<0.05),并显著增加了亮度值、色饱和度和去皮硬度(P<0.05)。3种套袋处理中,外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋处理的病虫果率和裂果率均显著低于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05),而单果重显著高于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05);外黄内白双层纸袋和外黄内黑双层纸袋处理的果实亮度值、黄色饱和度、色饱和度均显著高于白色单层纸袋处理(P<0.05);白色单层纸袋和外黄内白双层纸袋处理的果实红色饱和度、红色饱和度与黄色饱和度比值均显著高于外黄内黑双层纸袋处理(P<0.05)。因此,用外黄内白双层纸袋对长江下游地区晚熟油桃进行套袋生产是一种较好的方法。     

Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity

The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity of Juglans nigra seeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C.     

长白山区野生桔梗资源现状调查

[目的]调查长白山区野生桔梗资源的现状。[方法]对长白山区24个点的野生桔梗的生境和生长情况进行调查,采集样本并种植保存。[结果]现存的野生桔梗大多数生长在生境较恶劣或偏远、人迹稀少的地方,因其生境比较恶劣,根小而没有利用价值或不易采挖而幸存。野生桔梗的性状表现明显劣于栽培桔梗。[结论]该研究为分析长白山区野生桔梗的遗传多样性和建立长白山区野生桔梗种质资源库奠定基础。     

历史文化名城中古树名木的价值分析——以丽江古城为例

中国历史文化名城、世界文化遗产——丽江古城,是人居环境的典范,分布在丽江古城中的古树名木是园林植物文化的瑰宝。从丽江古城古树名木的调查统计入手,深入分析历史文化名城中古树名木的生态价值、文化价值和旅游价值,以期为传承和创新园林植物文化提供科学依据和决策参考,对建设生态文明城市和有效保护世界遗产具有重要研究意义。     

新型具有力感知的柔性果蔬采摘机械手研究

研发了基于设施农业的果蔬采摘机械手,包括具有3个旋转关节自由度的采摘机械臂及具有力反馈功能的三指果蔬采摘末端执行器,并对其控制系统进行了开发。通过采摘模拟试验,验证了其作业性能、采摘效果。试验结果表明:采摘机械手各关节与控制系统配合良好,运行稳定;采摘末端执行器手指控制灵活,传感器响应灵敏,能够实现稳定抓取并不损伤果实,具有推广价值。     

猴头菌不同生长发育期粗蛋白、粗多糖含量及水溶性粗多糖体外免疫活性

测定猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)华中猴头菌株不同生长发育期子实体中的粗蛋白、粗多糖和水溶性粗多糖中β-葡聚糖含量,并研究不同生长发育期子实体粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性变化规律.结果表明,供试菌株不同生长发育期子实体的粗蛋白、粗多糖和β-葡聚糖含量以及粗多糖体外刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的活性均存在显著或极显著差异,随着生长发育的进行,猴头菌子实体中粗蛋白含量总体上呈下降的趋势(小菌剌期比前一时期有所增加),而多糖含量则总体呈上升趋势(小菌刺期比后一时期高),β-葡聚糖含量呈先快速上升后平稳的趋势;分裂期粗多糖在浓度500 μg/mL时对RAW264.7释放NO的促进作用较强.     

银杏果热风干燥工艺参数响应面法优化

利用自制的热风干燥在线测试装置,对银杏果的热风干燥进行了试验研究,探讨了热风温度、热风速度及装载量对含水率、干燥速率的影响,通过响应面分析和逐步逼近法分析了热风温度、热风速度及装载量与干燥过程平均能耗、平均干燥速率、蛋白质保存率以及干燥后的感官品质之间的关系,建立了二次回归数学模型。并利用函数期望优化方法进行了多目标函数优化,确定了银杏果热风干燥的最佳工艺参数组合。结果表明,银杏果热风干燥过程中加速过程不明显,主要集中在恒速和降速的干燥阶段。其最佳工艺参数组合为:热风温度68℃、热风速度1.15 m/s、装载量15.58 kg/m2。此时平均能耗为11.86 kW.h/kg、平均干燥速率为9.77%/h、蛋白质保存率为90.30%、感官评分为8.57分。     

基于偏好免疫网络的油茶果采摘机器人图像识别算法

针对油茶果采摘机器人视觉识别中外界物体的形态学特性要求,采用了偏好人工免疫网络算法作为机器视觉的图像识别算法,并根据采摘环境及采摘对象的特点对算法结构进行了改进,增强了算法的识别率.仿真实验表明,采用偏好人工免疫网络算法对油茶果的识别率在晴天时达到了81.67％,阴天时达到了87.69％,满足采摘识别率的要求.     

Needle Collection Time for Nutrient Evaluation in Christmas Tree Production

Christmas tree needle sampling to evaluate nutrient need is an established practice. Data to support the recommended fall sampling time in Oregon and Washington were not found. In addition, the recommendation for needle sampling of Fraser fir in North Carolina was made without data from winter months. The goal for this article is to affirm or modify recommended needle sampling time. Needles of Douglas fir, Turkish fir, Nordmann fir, Noble fir, Grand fir, and Fraser fir Christmas trees were collected monthly for a year, dried, and analyzed for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and boron (B). No single period was found for any species when needle nutrient concentration was stable for all elements determined. Needle collection time was chosen by integrating cultural practices, likelihood of nutrient deficiency, and needle nutrient concentration changes for species grown in an area. Needle collection is recommended during February in western Oregon and Washington. The current sampling time, fall, is logical for Fraser fir Christmas tree production in North Carolina.     

From shallow to deep waters: habitats used by larval lampreys (genus Petromyzon and Lampetra) over a western European basin

Abstract –  Habitat requirements of lamprey ammocoetes (Petromyzon marinus and Lampetra genus) were investigated, for the first time, from shallow to deep waters, at different spatial scales across the Gironde‐Dordogne continuum, thanks to a water suction dredge. Fish‐habitat relationships were assessed through two complementary statistical analyses: habitat‐use curves and habitat suitability models using the Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) technique. Analyses were performed on a small‐size data set that was characterised by the low prevalence of lamprey. The sea lamprey larvae occurred in deeper areas than their Lampetra genus counterparts. ‘Pools’ of 2 m’ depth and more were optimal habitats for the former species. Among the environmental variables retained to model lamprey occurrences, the mesohabitat (a categorical variable) was demonstrated to be highly influential, in terms of fine grain‐size substratum and vegetation cover. These preliminary results suggest that monitoring using the water suction dredge method may contribute to sea lamprey conservation.