茄子游离小孢子培养获得愈伤组织的研究

应用游离小孢子培养技术,以茄子杂交种为试材,进行游离小孢子培养,旨在获得茄子愈伤组织。结果表明:单核靠边期小孢子是诱导愈伤组织发生的最佳时期;不同基因型之间小孢子愈伤组织诱导率差异显著;对花药进行变温预处理,其小孢子膨大率较对照高出6倍多;小孢子培养的适宜培养基为KM附加0.2 mg/L 2,4-D、0.5 mg/L ZT、1.0 mg/L NAA和7.5%的葡萄糖。     

乙醇浸渍对切片茄子干燥特性和品质的影响

为了提高切片茄子的干制品质、缩短干燥时间,对热风干燥前的切片茄子进行了乙醇浸渍处理。以不同干燥温度(45、55、65℃)、预处理乙醇体积分数(0、5%、15%)和茄子切片厚度(1.0、1.5、2.0 cm)为试验因素,以干燥时间及干燥后产品的干燥速率、色泽、复水比和微观结构为评价指标进行正交试验。试验结果表明:干燥温度、乙醇体积分数和切片厚度对干燥时间均有显著影响(P0.05);综合评价的影响顺序由大到小依次为:切片厚度干燥温度乙醇体积分数;切片茄子的干燥过程属于降速干燥,通过费克第二定律得到切片茄子的水分有效扩散系数在2.74×10-9~7.75×10-9 m2/s;切片厚度对干燥后茄子片的复水比有显著影响(P0.05),复水比随着切片厚度的增加而减少;乙醇体积分数对干燥后茄子片的色泽具有显著影响(P0.05),而且可以改变干燥后茄子的微观结构改善物料外观品质。当乙醇体积分数为15%、干燥温度为65℃、切片厚度为1.0 cm时,干燥时间为225 min,复水比为4.93,明亮度为88.24,既有较快的干燥速率又能够得到比较好的色泽。研究表明适宜体积分数的乙醇浸渍预处理能够提高切片茄子的干燥速率、改善色泽,为高品质切片茄子快速干燥提供了理论依据。     

青海蔷薇科野生果树种质资源的研究

通过调查并结合有关文献和植物标本研究表明,青海省蔷薇科野生果树有60种（含2个变种、1个变型）,隶属于10属,占全省野生果树总数的53.6%。其中以蔷薇属（Rosa）和栒子属（Cotoneaster）最为丰富,分别有13种、12种,其次悬钩子属（Rubus）和李属（Prunus）分别有9种、8种,这4个属的种类占青海蔷薇科野生果树的70%;果实类型有梨果、聚合果、核果3种类型,其中梨果类、聚合果类占有较大比例,分别占总种数的45%和40%。青海省蔷薇科野生果树不少种类具有抗寒耐旱等特性,可作为砧木或抗性育种材料,一些种类果实营养较为丰富。青海蔷薇科野生果树主要分布于东部的黄河、湟水河及大通河流域,并划分为西倾山区、祁连山区和青南高原区3个分布区域,分析了各区的种类和分布情况;垂直分布在海拔1800~4000 m之间。另外,对几种重要野生果树资源进行了评价,并提出了开发利用的建议。     

温室条件下茄子灌溉制度初探

以茄子为试材,于2013年4-8月在天津市北辰区日光温室中进行试验,分析了气象因素对灌溉的影响,并制定了灌溉制度。结论如下:温室条件下大棚内温度一直较高,且随气温的增加而增加;温室属于较为封闭的环境,所以温室内湿度一直处于较高点,且灌水后有大幅度增加,湿度较高;滴灌茄子的滴灌灌溉制度为全生育期灌溉定额137.9mm,灌水定额为19.7mm/次,灌水次数为7次,茄子生长阶段的土壤水分下限适宜控制在70%的田间持水率(计划湿润层为40cm)。     

Moisture conservation for rainfed wheat production with alternative mulches and conservation tillage in the hills of north-west India

In the hills of north–west India, maize (Zea mays L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the dominant cropping system. However, rainfed wheat suffers from lack of optimum moisture at sowing. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years on a silty clay loam (Typic Hapludalf) to evaluate the effectiveness of mulches and conservation tillage for rainfed wheat in mitigating this problem. The treatments were ten factorial combinations of five mulch-tillage practices and two nitrogen levels (N₆₀ and N₁₂₀ kg ha⁻¹). Mulch treatments consisted of application of 10 Mg ha⁻¹ (dry weight basis), to previous standing maize, of either wild sage (Lantana camara L.) or eupatorium (Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel) in combination with either conventional or conservation (minium) tillage prior to wheat sowing. These alternative practices were compared to the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after harvest of maize with no mulch. The application of these weed mulches to standing maize maintained friable soil structure owing to a five fold higher mean population of earthworms underneath mulch. Mulches resulted in 0.06–0.10 m³ m⁻³ higher moisture in the seed-zone when wheat was sown compared with the conventional farmer practice of soil tillage after maize harvest. Mulch-conservation tillage treatments favourably moderated the hydro-thermal regime for growing a wheat crop. The mean root mass density under these treatments at wheat flowering was higher by 1.27–1.40 times over the conventional farmer practice during the 3 year study. Conservation tillage holds promise because it does not require elaborate tillage and may ultimately reduce animal draught in the hilly regions. Recycling available organic materials having no fodder value coupled with conservation tillage may help enrich the soil environment in the long-term. The practice also offers gainful use of these obnoxious weeds that cause great menace in grass and forest lands in the region.     

Selecting in situ conservation sites for grape genetic resources in the USA

Previously, there has not been any in situ conservation sites for crop germplasm within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Using morphologic and molecular (SSR markers) techniques, we assessed the genetic variation present in populations of rock grape (Vitis rupestris Scheele), a native American grape species, throughout its range. We identified seven in situ conservation sites for rock grape using a strategy based on morphologic and molecular data, taxonomic information, population size and integrity, and landholder commitment. In collaboration with federal and state landholding agencies, we have established the first NPGS in situ conservation sites for American wild relatives of a crop.     

茄子主要早熟相关性状研究

生产实践中评价茄子早熟性的主要指标是前期产量。为探究茄子早熟相关性状,进而辅助早熟育种,2012—2014年对总计138个紫圆茄杂交组合的主要农艺性状进行相关分析,并于2013、2014年对主要前期产量相关性状进行通径分析。3年相关分析结果显示,单株结果数和单果重与单株前期产量极显著相关,而始花节位与单株前期产量的相关性表现没有规律性,存在极限效应。2014年单株结果数和单果重对单株前期产量的直接通径系数分别为1.2073和0.7935,说明对单株前期产量有显著正向效应。因此选育早熟茄子品种首要的是提高单株结果数,在保证品质的同时选择大果且肉质紧密类型,不要过分依赖始花节位。     

九种野菜在不同贮藏环境中维生素C含量的变化

采用冷藏、抽真空冷藏和漂洗冷冻三种贮藏环境下研究九种野菜维生素C含量变化表明：三种贮藏环境条件下九种野菜的维生素C损失率均随着贮藏时间的增加而增加,漂洗后冷冻处理可使野菜能保存较长时间,同一种野菜不同贮藏环境下维生素损失率的影响显著性也不同。     

VA菌根对茄子、黄瓜、籽瓜促生防病效应的研究

在盆栽条件下研究了ＶＡ菌根茵对茄子、黄瓜、籽瓜的侵染、促生和防病作用。结果供试菌均可侵染供试作物，但促生和防病效应具特异性．Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ．Ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ和Ｇ．ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ均促进茄子的生长，但只前者减轻了茄子黄萎病。Ｇ，ｓｐ３促进黄瓜提早开花，但不防病；Ｇ．ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐｕｍ减轻了黄瓜细菌性角斑病的发生，却并无促生作用。Ｇ．ｓｐ４不但促进籽瓜的生长，而且是短期内减轻籽瓜炭疽病的有效组合。     

嫁接茄抗黄萎病特性与苯丙烷类代谢的关系

野生茄托鲁巴姆（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍ ｔｏｒｖｕｍ）对黄萎病（Ｖｅｒｔｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍ ｗｉｌｔ）抗性达到免疫或高抗程度,作为砧木嫁接栽培极显地降低了茄子黄萎病发病率和病情指数。测定并分析了抗病与感病茄株感病前后可溶性糖、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ＰＡＬ）、酚类物质及木质素等指标的变化及特点,从莽草酸－苯丙烷类代谢角度,探讨了嫁接茄子抗黄萎病的生理生化基础,提出ＰＡＬ活性和酚类物质含量可作为茄子黄萎病抗性的生化